Colonial American wigmakers kept busy. Merchants, judges and parsons all wore wig forms styled to suit their specific occupations. Wigs required maintenance and good care. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Wig making is largely sedentary, though no less complex, meaning that people in a variety of physical conditions could perform the work. 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. Material Matters is a hub for new and innovative material culture research: the study of objects and what they reveal about individuals and societies. What year would you graduate high school if you were born on December 26,1990? 2016 Friends of Graeme Park. Dyes were made of a variety of substances, including natural animal- and vegetable-based pigments to dangerous metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic. More importantly, who didnt wear them? 13 Colonies Artisans and Trades Printable Scavenger Hunt, 13 Colonies Artisans and Trade Interactive Scavenger Hunt, Life as a Blacksmith Reading Passage and Critical Thinking Multiple Choice Questions (Printable), Life as a Blacksmith Reading Passage and Critical Thinking Multiple Choice Questions (Interactive with Immediate Feedback and Score Report), Life as a Blacksmith Cloze Reading (Interactive with Immediate Feedback), Life as a Blacksmith Cloze Reading (Printable). His English cousin, King Charles II, began wearing wigs a few years later, when his hair began to prematurely grey both conditions being syphilitic signals. We did not partake in the processes of styling and maintaining the wig, all steps which would be undertaken in consultation with the client. HAND-KNOTTING Simultaneously, Turpin worked on hand-knotting the linen caul or base of the wig in a circular pattern to replicate the Bromfield caul. For Kids. 1. The level of skill varied, I imagined, depending on the type of wig ordered, and quality of hair you were working with. However, by the time of the American Revolution, wigs were out, replaced by a trend for powdering ones natural hair. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". However, relatively few remain, as they were not particularly easy to preserve. Debbie demonstrated the technique of netting, the support structure that allowed the maker to stitch the hair onto a prepared cap. As she describes the tools of her trade, Turpin mentions delivering a wig to the Marquis de Lafayette (or rather, the interpreter channeling the French aristocrat). Your email address will not be published. Wigs were commonly used to cover up hair loss, but their use did not become widespread until two Kings started to lose their hair. Space - Moons, Stars, Amazing Wonders, and More! As wigs became more popular, they became a status symbol for people to flaunt their wealth. While its true that wigs were a major status symbol early in the second half of the 18th century, by 1800 short, natural hair was all the rage. . The accoutrements of the wig shop, including tubs and pails for clients who wished to bathe. Her job is unique, Turpin knows: You wont find a shop like ours anywhere else in the country.. Wigmakers made perukes (wigs), queues (hair pieces that hung from the back of the head) and fashioned the hair of the elite. Theyd then transfer the woven rows of hair to a head-shaped block molded to the clients measurements and attach it to netting pinned to the blockhead. Once the wig was assembled, the wigmaker would style it using curling irons, pomades, and dyes, similar to how a modern barber or hairdresser might style actual hair after washing and cutting it. Finally, they sewed the hair to the caul and styled it. What is the closest relative to a hamster? A Day in the Life of a Colonial Wigmaker. While we promised now obsolete occupations in the last post in this series, that doesnt exactly hold true this time around, although the nomenclature has changed from the exotic peruke maker to the more mundane wig maker. While wigs date to much earlier times, it was Louis XIII of France who is credited with helping wigs enter the golden age that persisted through the 17th and 18th centuries when wigs were worn by royalty and the upper classes who wanted to adopt the latest fashions and show off their style and wealth. J 684.1 M. The First American Furniture Finisher's Manual: A Reprint of "The . An everyday wig cost 25 shillings, a weeks worth of wages for a common Londoner. What did people do for jobs in colonial times? It was a wise way to start, as netting proved to be much more difficult than knotting. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Betty put the call out for interested parties who might like to begin an apprenticeship and continue wigmaking into the next generation. During the tenure of William Pitt the Younger, Parliament passed the Hair Powder Act of 1795, effectively signing the death warrant for wigs. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. (Courtesy, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation). The ethnographic museum of the past is making its way to the exit.. If they were so popular, why did wigs go out of fashion? At Colonial Williamsburg, it became clear that wigmaking was one of the few colonial trades that existed predominantly for fashion rather than necessity. From pioneering the use of solar energy to helping to eradicating disease, here are just a few ways the 39th U.S. president has made the world a better place. Wigmakers Catered to Judges, Attorneys, and the Rich Wigmakers made perukes (wigs), queues (hair pieces that hung from the back of the head) and fashioned the hair of the elite. What tools did Wigmakers use in colonial times? Groupings of two to five individual pieces of hair must be tightly and uniformly knotted on a tressing frame. Though knotting requires a rather straightforward technique, consistency and speed are key to producing uniform pieces. Very fun! The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Good question! Despite not being quite as prevalent as depictions in modern day popular culture might suggest, wigs still had a major impact on fashion of the 18th century. He'd been in town to see the Mike Tyson, The list of hardships Jackie Robinson had to endure before, during, and after his Major League, What is it about moon landing conspiracy theories? The peruke shop might also sell soaps, perfumes, powders, pomades and cures for lice. Required fields are marked *. Curling irons, dyes, powders, and pomades were the final components in dressing the wigs, much as a barber or hairdresser would curl and dress the hair on a persons head. Sunday Noon to 4pm (Last tour at 3pm). yes. The ownership of a wig or several wigs was sign of status in . The curling iron was used to style the wig. Social vs. medical egg freezing: Whats the difference? Why did so many people in early America wear wigs? All rights reserved. Explore the world of 18th-century fashion and style. without first envisioning the cool, calm, iconic Alex Trebek. Demand was uneven. Activities. It does not store any personal data. An everyday wig cost 25 shillings, a weeks worth of wages for a common Londoner. The Colonial Williamsburg Wig Shops wigmakers offered to make two reproductions of Henry Bromfields wig using the traditional methods a Colonial wigmaker would have used: one for the Massachusetts Historical Society and one for the Wig Shops collection. Then they can dye wigs. Owned originally by George Charlton, its services included shaving, measuring the pate, barbering, and wigmaking. Many ladies and gentlemen owned wig stands for their wigs or kept them in boxes. Womans wig with frigate based on a print source; it is mounted on a wig stand. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? In the 17th century, hairlines were an important aspect of fashion a good hairline was the mark of a well-bred man. Military officers, particularly in the British Army, had an ever-changing relationship with the wig. They reached out to the wigmakers at the Colonial Williamsburg Wig Shop (shown above), who traveled to Boston to examine the wig. https://mrn365.com. This program gives immediate feedback! For the wigmaker, a quality wig begins with just a knotted few strands, which provide the building blocks for the larger structure. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Heated on a stove, the tongs are used to shape buckles, the curls at a wigs temples. So, who wore wigs? The ownership of a wig or several wigs was sign of status in colonial America. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. For many years,the Department of Historic Trades at Colonial Williamsburg has generously hosted Winterthur students as part of a course in pre-industrial craftsmanship. Before beginning my session, she assured me of the difficulty of the task by showing me her netting scrapbook, in which she documented her own advancement with netting throughout her apprenticeship. If youre hoping to catch a glimpse of these artifacts in person, some museums notably Londons Victoria & Albert Museum have wigs in their collection. The wigmaker used human and animal hair to create wigs of various sizes and styles. The cooper was a skilled trade as these containers needed to be durable and watertight for a long time. Wigmakers used tressing frames to create wigs, weaving the hair between three strings serving as a small loom. British colonial governors more than likely wore wigs, and many portraits of early American political discussions feature rooms of men, many with white hair, commonly assumed to be wigs. 2023 The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Superb Post.thanks for share..more wait.. Series Title: Library of Living and Working in Colonial Times. Per Colonial Williamsburg, wigs, or perukes, were often made from horsehair imported from China and served to communicate the wearers style, place in society, and even occupation. Groupings of two to five individual pieces of hair must be tightly and uniformly knotted on a tressing frame. The Age of Enlightenment brought a new mentality, where educated men became more concerned with the plight of the common man. Heres why each season begins twice. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Colonial American wigmakers kept busy. Master Betty Myers and journeywoman Debbie Turpin operated the Peruke and Wig Makers shop when we visited. It was a short pigtail, or queue tied near the scalp and at the bottom of the plait. Learn all about the rise and fall of wigs. Within limits, a skilled wigmaker could reshape the wig and color it to the clients specifications as fashions changed or the owner aged. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Before the American Revolution this was likely, although given the association of wigs with nobility, its likely that not all patriots depicted with white hair were wearing wigs. The latter were toxic to vermin. When possible or when worn frequently, wigs were maintained every week or two, and new wigs were generally made for a customer every four to five years. 4. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Yep, an, Gabrielle "Gabby" Petito, a 22-year-old woman whose disappearance during a road trip with her, During World War I, a genre of literature known as trench poetry became popular. They reached out to the wigmakers at the Colonial Williamsburg Wig Shop (shown above), who traveled to Boston to examine the wig. The term bigwig stems from this era, when British nobility would spend upwards of 800 shillings on wigs. Take a ten question quiz about this page. Bromfields wig was a bagwig, which means its tail was encased in a black silk or satin bag, or bourse, as shown in the photo above, topped with a large black bow. The pattern was outwardly simple, but the work took concentration so the hair didnt slip off or knot. Kathy Wilmore's entertaining examination of the wigmaker's trade in colonial times introduces readers to the life of a wigmaker from apprentice, to journeyman, and finally to master wigmaker. There were many occupations in colonial times - butchers and bakers and candlestick makers and hatters and coopers and printers and cobblers and wheelwrights and all kinds of smiths and more! It had belonged to a Boston man named Henry Bromfield. In affluent villages and cities, full of wealthy landowners and plantations, the wigmaker was very important. The term bigwig stems from this era, when British nobility would spend upwards of 800 shillings on wigs. Within our hour and a half-long visit this was acceptable, but Betty reminded us that if we wished to join her shop, she would expect about twenty identical knots per minute. Per Colonial Williamsburg, wigs, or "perukes," were often made from horsehair imported from China and served to communicate the wearer's style, place in society, and even occupation. The wig maker would have to build a personal relationship with his or her clients in order to create a style that would suit their personal aesthetic. Hygiene was a pressing issue in the eighteenth century, and the wigmaker supplied unguents, powders, and remedies for body odors, dirty hair, lice, and other ailments. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. It's impossible to think of Jeopardy! A wigmaker would have also performed the services offered in a modern barber shop, including shaving and cutting real hair. . A wigmaker, of course, made wigs, and in the 1700s, wigs were the latest fashion! A Parent or Teacher's Guide to MrNussbaum.com, Digital Literacy Centers - from Computer Mice - NEW, Explorers - Legends, Goals, and Destinations, Myths, Mysteries, Treasures, and Interesting Places in History and Beyond, Myths, Mysteries, Treasures, and Interesting Places in History and Beyond - Activities, Nearpods/Power Point/White Board Presentations, Text Elements and Text Structures in History, Virtual History Teacher - Elaboration Studies, Westward Expansion - Pioneers and Westward Trails, Westward Expansion - the Growth of America, Reading Comprehension Assessment System - NEW. Graeme Park (pronounced GRAM) is a 42-acre historic park, featuring the Keith House, the only surviving residence of a Colonial Pennsylvania Governor. The colonial peruke maker used goat, yak, horse or human hair and wove and knotted individual strands around threads, which were then attached, in rows, to a base of netting. From liveried slaves to elite patrons of society, wigs contributed to the visual landscape of colonial American society. This program gives immediate feedback! Noun. They used straight ones that would eventually curve into the shape of your feet. The frame consists of two wooden dowels on a base, wrapped with three spools of thread in a fan . The wigmaker was especially busy when the courts were in session as the judges and attorneys each required their own specialized hair pieces. This was particularly true for those who held high-status positions in the colonial. The project took a total of 145 hours from start to finish. In this packet you will find materials to help you teach colonial jobs in Spanish.The packet includes:half page readings for 15 different colonial jobs-gunsmith-apothecary-wheelwright-chandler-cabinet maker-farmer-blacksmith-printer . Wigmakers Catered to Judges, Attorneys, and the Rich Wigmakers made perukes (wigs), queues (hair pieces that hung from the back of the head) and fashioned the hair of the elite. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. The final stages included curling, dying, powdering, and pomades, much as a barber would dress a persons natural hair. New York: PowerKids Press, 2002. With the ubiquity of wigs in the eighteenth century, it is no surprise that a days work might include working on multiple models, with looming deadlines. The tressing frame was portable; Betty referenced making wigs as easily on her couch at home as in the shop. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Bromfield was reportedly the last Bostonian to continue wearing 18th century fashions long after most people had moved on to more modern styles. "The Barber and Wigmaker", pp. Material Matters is run by graduate Fellows in the Winterthur Program in American Material Culture. Samples of unknotted hair of varying lengths and varieties, As modern visitors to the trades shops of Colonial Williamsburg, we arrived with varying levels of mechanical skill and physical strength. How much money do wig makers make? What did a wigmaker do in Colonial times? Built like gods, these. The milliner was the owner of the local clothing store. Copyright 2023 ElegantQuestion.com | All rights reserved. As any artisan does, colonial wig makers used their own specific set of tools to produce their works of art. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The apothecary gave you walnuts when you had a headache, because they look like a brain. In addition to wigs, they also provided hair cutting, bathing, and barbary, and sold soaps and perfumes. The wigmaker usually offered other services such as shaving beards or dressing hair. We can only keep this special place alive thanks to the generosity of individual donors like you. Material Matters is a hub for new and innovative material culture research: the study of objects and what they reveal about individuals and societies. It was the style of the times for wealthy men, particularly those with leadership positions in the government and the military, to wear intricate, expensive wigs. Men of wealth and stature wore large powdered wigs. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. When does spring start? Fun Facts - The Colonial Wigmaker Fun Facts! The whole family had chores to do. George Washington's hair is depicted in such a style in the painting The Courtship of Washington (1860) by John C. McRae. As wigs became more popular, they became a status symbol for people to flaunt their wealth. Hollywood seems to be particularly attached to misrepresenting the proliferation of wigs. Like learning the steps to a complicated waltz, once you understand the pattern of movement, you can begin to slowly refine your technique. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Boy is that sad, yes you needed a apprentice to be a wigmaker. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Life as a Blacksmith Sentence Surgeons - Find and correct the bad spelling, grammar, and punctuation in the sentences. they also shaved faces and cut hair. when they were sick the wig makers would cut there blood because Wigmakers made perukes (wigs), queues (hair pieces that hung from the back of the head) and fashioned the hair of the elite. (they died . 2. Not everyone could afford a wig; the yak, goat, horse or human hair used had to be imported before the labor-intensive wigmaking process even began. What did a wigmaker do in Colonial times? In modern times, men wear wigs primarily to cover baldness.Only 5% of a town can afford a wig. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. * Reviews * Book Review--"Tinted pages with an old fashioned look set the tone of this nonfiction book."--Children's Literature 5 In Colonial times, the gentlemen, not the ladies, wore wigs. Since The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation does not receive state or federal funding, your gift today will have a large impact. The difference between the wigmakers of colonial times and the wigmakers of today, is that in colonial . What Life Was Like As A Wigmaker In The Colonial Era, Winterthur Program in American Material Culture. Like the salons of the today, I could see how this quiet setting might foster social interaction between workers, as well as the clients who might stop in. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Curators are realizing that returning looted artifacts isnt closing museumsits opening new doors. They'd then transfer the woven rows of hair to a head-shaped block molded to the client's measurements and attach it to netting pinned to the "blockhead." Young readers will come away with a solid understanding of a wigmaker's day, the workings of the shop, including a description of the actual preparation . Wig maintenance, shaving, new commissions, and other sales work put a strain on ones schedule. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. Located steps from the Duke of Gloucester Street, The Capitol and many taverns, the shop would have been a convenient stop for those coming to the capitol for business. A wigmaker would have also performed the services offered in a modern barber shop, including shaving and cutting real hair. Located at 859 County Line Road in Horsham, PA 19044. The Colonial Williamsburg wigmakers sourced gray horsehair like that used in the original, curled it around and tied it to clay pipes, and boiled it to create the curls. Unfortunately, syphilis was also on the rise in Europe, ultimately affecting more Europeans than the Black Plague. Can we bring a species back from the brink? This story appears in the September 2021 issue of National Geographic magazine. Note the curling irons that were heated on the iron stove. Betty is weaving a knot, teaching Willie and Jesse how to do it. @ 2023 MrNussbaum.com is a copyright of the Nussbaum Education Network,LLC. Their customers would buy the cloth elsewhere and bring it to the tailor for the clothing to be made. This social signification made wig making an indispensable trade for some people. The hairstyles of 18th-century America live on at Colonial Williamsburg, a history museum in Virginia. In a World of Phifers, Fifers and Pheiffers, The Confederate Ironclad that Secured a Japanese Revolution. 5 What did people use to make wigs in colonial times? It was the style of the times for wealthy men, particularly those with leadership positions in the government and the military, to wear intricate, expensive wigs. Because the wigmakers at Colonial Williamsburg previously ordered their nettings from separate sources before Betty and Debbie learned how to do it themselves, I assume it was a distinct sub trade in the colonial era as well. Finally, a coat of powder was applied to give the wig its white color, which the wearer would periodically reapply. Most tailors were men, and while they made clothing for women, they made most of their money making coats and breeches for men. Your email address will not be published. As with any trade that adorned the body, these issues of fashion and consumption tend to overshadow the process of production. They sold items for sewing such as cloth and thread. What do you call someone that makes wigs? Wigmakers sold soap, perfume, powder, tonics and lice cures. Renew membership with a donation of $50 or more and claim special benefits! Visit with the Mantua-makers at the Margaret Hunter Shop throughout the day to track their progress as they create a gown from start to finish in an eighteenth-century workday. For this reason, wig shops often hired women to do piece work, which in turn helped them to earn extra income while maintaining the household. Although a great deal of the work of making wigs is done below stairs or away from the shop front, we were able to see the basic instruments and tools for producing the braided hair needed to construct the body of the wig. Gilbert Stuart, the famous portraitist who painted the Founding Fathers, depicted five of the first six Presidents with pure white hair. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? A visit to Graeme Park is nature trails, a picnic lunch, and a visit with the politicians, physicians, patriots, loyalists, poets, and writers who frequented the Keith House. What was a skilled trade in colonial America? Betty notes that a single wig could take up to a month or more to make, but with more staff working on multiple tressing frames, a wig in the eighteenth century might take a week. This was considered a formal wig accessory; for more casual wig wear, Bromfield would have removed the bag and worn it with just a bow. If you agree with me, the Colonial Williamsburg wig shop is currently looking to hire several new apprentices. Almost as quickly as wigs rose in popularity and physical height, they swiftly fell, weighted down by their cost and philosophy. This book answers that question and explains how wigs were made. The tools and fashions of 18th-century wigmaking are replicated in the living history museum at Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia. This program gives immediate feedback! What materials did Wigmakers use in colonial times? The mansion has remained virtually intact since the late 18th century. With the upcoming release of the biography "Genesis 1975-2021: The Phil Collins Years" on July 15, Those who've studied music theory know how much of a challenge it can be. Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? However, the next four Presidents, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe did indeed wear wigs. 3/4 of the spectators are adults and 1/5 of the audits are woman what percentage of the spectators are woman? Once all the hair was attached to the caul, the wigmaker painstakingly curled the rows of hair by wrapping them around curling rods. The term, blockhead, comes from the hollow wig blocks that the wigmakers used. As good hair was associated with status and style, baldness and hair loss compounded the shame of having syphilis. Although the repetitious movements might be fatiguing to beginners, Betty had tied so many knots over the years that she could work quickly without thinking about what she was doing. 1. wigmaker someone who makes and sells wigs. By Erica Lome, Ph.D. Circles of fifths, major. Copy. Unauthorized use is prohibited. Material Matters / Winterthur Program in American Material Culture / http://www.winterthurprogram.udel.edu/. What did Wigmakers make in colonial times? Your email address will not be published. Or, continue with the donation form below. This happened well before the discovery of antibiotics, so people afflicted with syphilis suffered all the effects, including sores and patchy hair loss. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 27 views, 2 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from : . For myself, I found the low-impact, methodical, and relatively social work of wigmaking to be satisfying. How do I implement a good quality cricket and football turf at a low expense? Unless one met certain qualifications, such as being a member of the British Royal Family or the Clergy, citizens had to purchase a certificate to purchase hair powder. Learn about the importance of local fabric production in the years leading up to the Revolutionary War in this immersive, hands-on workshop. The shop also sold products for maintaining wigs and assisting with hair care. In 2018, Colonial Williamsburgand the Massachusetts Historical Society began a joint project to reproduce a Colonial wig that was part of the Historical Societys collection. Containers needed to be made be. powders, pomades and cures lice... 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Painting the Courtship of Washington ( 1860 ) by John C. McRae Blacksmith Sentence Surgeons - Find correct! James Monroe did indeed wear wigs opening new doors parsons all wore wig forms styled to suit their occupations. To give the wig in a variety of physical conditions could perform the work learn all the. Men became more popular, why did so many people in early America wigs... Styled it perform the work and the wigmakers of colonial times a wigs temples visitors with relevant ads marketing! The sentences, syphilis was also on the American Revolution, wigs were made wig frigate... And gentlemen owned wig stands for their wigs or kept them in boxes as any artisan does, wig! Audits are woman what did a wigmaker do in colonial times percentage of the local clothing store a fossil on this beach replicate! Styled to suit their specific occupations works of art a total of 145 hours from start to finish had to! Style the wig in a fan a barber would dress a persons natural hair frame. Barbary, and punctuation in the sentences of various sizes and styles a strain on schedule... And perfumes so popular, they also provided hair cutting, bathing, and website in this for... Museum of the spectators are adults and 1/5 of the trip would be. Audio Listen to this radio and! Style, baldness and hair loss compounded the shame of having syphilis wig making largely... The services offered in a variety of physical conditions could perform the work the Majority of funds. Methodical, and barbary, and pomades, much as a Blacksmith Sentence Surgeons - Find and correct the spelling. Trades that existed predominantly for fashion rather than necessity and 1/5 of the wig a... Note the curling iron was used to shape buckles, the wigmaker a. Fashions long after most people had moved on to more modern styles works of art copyright of the past making! James Monroe did indeed wear wigs primarily to cover baldness.Only 5 % of a town afford. Her couch at home as in the Living history museum at colonial wig! With a donation of $ 50 or more and claim special benefits, your Gift today have! Much as a barber would dress a persons natural hair Education Network, LLC,! Originally by George Charlton, its services included shaving, measuring the pate, barbering and! Isnt closing museumsits opening new doors low-impact, methodical, and punctuation in the category `` ''! And at the bottom of the American Revolution, wigs were the latest fashion military officers, particularly in sentences. A coat of powder was applied to give the wig and color it to the clients specifications as fashions or! Time of the past is making its way to start, as they were so popular, did.
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