Science Buddies Staff. The Cold Group (-15C) averaged 53.5 cm, the Cool Group (6C) averaged 98.5 cm, the Room Temperature Group (46C) averaged 114.5 cm, the Warm Group (100C) averaged 136.5 cm, and the Hot Group (142.5 cm) averaged 142.5 cm It was determined to be correct to my hypothesis. In its place, a special cloth designed specifically for this purpose was used. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second). This is a result of the Because of its flexibility, cold rubber is generally less flexible than warm rubber. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.Privacy Policy | Affiliate Disclosure. The results of the experiment can be used to compare the different surfaces and see which one makes the ball bounce the highest. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Hypothesis If I increase the height from which a ball is dropped then the bounce height will increase because it will increase the speed and create a larger impact causing the ball to bounce higher then dropping it from a lower height. Why Does One Tennis Shoe Pull Your Sock Down? It will not have enough force to bounce if it is lit. All rights reserved. One way to do this is to put the ball in a bowl of hot water for a few minutes. A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis court, each with its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game. Now use your data table to plot points on the graph. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. The International Tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five. This results in faster . Watch the video of the dropping tennis ball. The ball shoots up with less energy because of this. If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. If you are looking for a challenging sport, tennis is an excellent choice for the winter months. Here's what our experiment showed: different ground surfaces will absorb more energy than others, which means that that push back they give to the ball won't be as strong. "That's The Way The Ball Bounces," The Exploratorium Museum, San Francisco, CA. being able to catch the ball on time was another one of the issues we faced. Two different types of balls, Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be compared. Best hard court players of all time In this practical, students may use a variety of different balls to determine which type is most efficient. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. Our Experts won't do the work for you, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you troubleshoot. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. Copyright 2002-2023 Science Buddies. The force of the ball hitting the ground causes it to bounce up, because it puts an equal force on the ball. It is usual in science to plot the dependent variable on the vertical axis (y-axis) of the graph and the independent variable on the horizontal axis (x-axis) of the graph. Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. So whether you're looking to learn more about the sport or just stay up-to-date on the latest news, we've got you covered. Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. The ball feels softer on the hand, but much harder on impact, resulting in a very different type of tennis. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Steel balls bounce higher than rubber balls. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. C. The tennis ball is made for more of a bounce when it is used for the game tennis. The maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum height that the equipment allows. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. A tennis ball is made of rubber and is covered with felt. METHOD: 1. Some of the kinetic energy of the ball is lost during the collision with the floor and the ball will not return to the original height. This is because as the ball goes faster it passes through a greater volume of air each second. Based on the density and temperature of the tennis ball, scientists have discovered how it bounces. The whole ball-bounce thing is confounded by topspin and the coefficient of friction of the surface. The experiment will demonstrate that if the temperature of a tennis ball was altered, it would bounce either higher of lower. Most of the points on grass are very short. When the temperature rises, the gas molecules within tennis balls expand and move in strange directions. If the ball bounces up more than .5 meter then, it is more elastic. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". As it did so the downward force was partially balanced out by the upwards force of drag, increasingly so the closer the ball got to its terminal velocity. If you dont properly store your balls, youll have to replace them more frequently. Because of the pressure inside the tennis ball, it is how high the ball will bounce in terms of altitude. Tennis balls that are frozen will not bounce as much as those that are not. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. As the ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion. Its not just a game for the wealthy; its also a game for everyone. hard ball made of rubber should bounce the highest on a concrete surface, which We, chose balls and surfaces with different hardnesses, textures and compositions in, order to give a fair experiment. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. measured the heights. quicker and on time before they dropped back down. STEP1 - For comparison first hold the football and smaller ball in each hand and drop them from the same height. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. would bounce the highest on a hard, smooth concrete surface because a rubber ball, is well-inflated and made of rubber which would give it more kinetic energy and, less air resistance. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Observe the height of the 1st rebound height of the tennis ball. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The height of the ball at each bounce is then calculated. The temperature of a tennis ball can affect its bounce height. Doherty, P., 1991. If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers: You can find this page online at: https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Phys_p039/physics/balls-bouncing-off-of-surfaces. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Masses of tennis balls range between 56.0 and 59.4 grams (2011). In competitive tennis, sweat loss can quickly exceed the normal body temperature, causing electrolyte and body water deficits, as well as thermal stress that can significantly alter a players physiology, perception of effort, and ability to perform well on court. This would mean that one could re-examine the height to which it bounced to and find it exactly instead of having to make a split second judgement which is not half as accurate. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. This will be a table tennis ball. The slim taper of the KBS S Taper acoustic guitar makes it simple to play and hold. One way to measure the amount of air that is in a ball is with an air pressure gauge. The drop weight then bounces off the ball with 68-77 percent of its incident speed (46-59% of its incident energy). EQUIPMENT: 1 metre ruler 1 table tennis ball. A cold ball will bounce farther than a warm one. Does a tennis ball bounce differently on different surfaces? For instance, you can use old balls for the second round of the experiment compared to new balls. composition so it was higher up in the air, with this we were able to catch the balls results, one of the many being that the harder the surface the ball was bouncing on, The reason clay courts are more effective for low-power hitters is because the ball keeps bouncing higher and higher. The approach was to place 3 tennis balls in 4 different environments with different temperatures. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. Therefore the heavier the ball is, the faster its terminal velocity. ping pong 2 cm 3 cm 2 cm 2 cm, basketball 82 cm 84 cm 80 82 Length of Lesson: 30 - 45 minutes. If you want to make the ball bounce higher, you can try heating it up before you play. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. It was more reliable to use the middle three results as it automatically discounted any anomalies; assuming two similar anomalies were recorded for one height, if they were then they both would be discounted. concur, which was catching the small balls. The tennis ball bounces higher because the relative speed when it bounces off the basketball is almost double that . surface bounces a ball the highest. When the ball deforms, its molecules are stretched apart in some places and squeezed together in others. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. It does not store any personal data. The higher the ball is, the more it will bounce when you warm it up in cold weather. Write each measurement in the data table. The reason balls bounce is quite advanced science. Temperature can change the internal pressure of a tennis ball, which causes it to feel hotter. As a result, they move at a slower rate of speed with less energy. The mass of the ball will affect the height the ball bounces to because it affects the balls starting energy. The maximum and minimum results were included when working out the variation between results however, seeing as the maximum and minimum results were produced by the experiment and are therefore part of the variation between results produced by the experiment. When the molecules are colder, they move more slowly and the ball doesnt expand as much. in the execution of our experiment. Science Buddies Staff. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results. When contact is made with the ground, the molecules in the tennis ball stretch apart and the shape of the ball changes to more of an oval shape. Science Buddies: Pilobolus Spore Sac Launch. bounces the highest on smooth concrete. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. We (Doherty, 1991). You can shrink your hat without it becoming too bulky by wrapping it in a heat shrink. Data from the most recent bounces per temperature or the third trial is used to create the graph. Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. Try bouncing different kinds of balls to test this question. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. changing air density, temperature. 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