This site uses cookies to serve you better. At the time, Tudyk was hanging at the . He provided vocals to the character of King Candy (the ruler of Sugar Rush who is revealed to be Turbo) in the 2012 computer-animatedcomedy film, He has voiced a Marine in the popular Xbox 360 game, He co-starred as Wray Nerely in the comedy web series. His voice acting appeared in 11 episodes during his nine . Trigun Stampede continues to take liberties with the original story and Buddy Daddies' second outing is less eye-popping than its opener. Marital Status: Married. Evil. Reproduction of material from any Salon pages without written permission is strictly prohibited. Moreover, Alan is also known for his television roles like paying Reagan Biscayne in the comedy series Newsreaders, Hoban Wash Washburne in the space Western drama series Firefly, Van Wayne in the NBC sitcom Powerless, Joker/Clayface (voice) in the adult animated dark comedy superhero series Harley Quinn, Dr. Harry Vanderspeigle in the science fiction mystery comedy-drama series Resident Alien, Gary West in the horror-comedy series Santa Clarita Diet, and Optimus Prime (voice) in the computer-animated series Transformers: EarthSpark. Harry awkwardly fumbles his way around being human, and asScraps from the Loftwrites,"he begins to wrestle with the moral dilemma of his mission and asking the big life questions like: 'Are human beings worth saving?' Alan Tudyk: This is my answer for that, I'm sure you have one as well. They are mystical, intuitive, creative, romantic, compassionate, sensitive. Click to reveal Tudyk entered Juilliard but left in 1996 before earning a degree. After decades of playing goofy sidekicks, the El Pasoborn, Plano-bred actor finally has a leading role. Born Alan Wray Tudyk on the 16th of March 1971, in El Paso, Texas, Alan is an award- winning stage, film, tv, and voice actor. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Having played the role of Tucker McGee in the black comedy film. This pleased his father, a businessman who ran a company that sold hydraulic seals for industrial use. Its easy to predict his income, but its much harder to know how much he has spent over the years. Tudyk and members of the cast talk with Rick Damigella about the new season of the Syfy series. If there is any information missing, we will be updating this page soon. Harry isn't out to make friends, but instead to exterminate all life on Earth. Until this year, though, it hadnt really brought him into a lead role. Alan Tudyk on second season of 'Resident Alien'. He has also appeared in the films Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011), 42 (2013), Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015), and Trumbo (2015). He appeared again in 'Ice Age: Continental Drift,' voicing the character of . [30] They married on September 24, 2016.[31]. The result: The world lost an aspiring hotel manager and gained a versatile supporting actor, now reborn as a leading man in "Resident Alien.". In 2012, Tudyk voiced King Candy in the animated film Wreck-It Ralph, winning the Annie Award for Voice Acting. Or perhaps it was in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, where he improvised a scene-stealing voice and motion-capture performance as the droll droid K-2SO. Alan Tudyk was born in El Paso, Texas, and grew up in Plano, where he attended Plano Sr. High. The American movie actor has been alive for 18,978 days or 455,479 hours. Having appeared in eight of Disney's most recent movies, it's easy to understand how the term was coined. Alan Tudyk, best known for being a Movie Actor, was born in El Paso, Texas, USA on Tuesday, March 16, 1971. Tudyk's Take: I love this kind of sci-fi.It reminds me of Get Out, in a way.You're not in space, but there's a point where they just cut off Stephen Root's head and slop his brain out into . If youre fifth on the call sheet, Tudyk says, you dont get that opportunity.. Take Sheriff Mike Thompson (Corey Reynolds), whose past is a mighty mystery we're just now beginning to . RELATED: Toy Story: 10 Actors Who Almost Voiced Iconic Roles In addition to Green Arrow, Tudyk is responsible for the voice of characters like Dr. Simon Jones, Psimon, Captain Cold, and Leonard Snart. One of his better-known roles is the playful, easy-going Hoban "Wash" Washburne in the 2002 television series Firefly by Joss Whedon. Before becoming a professional actor, he briefly tried his hand at stand-up comedy. In 2014, he voiced Alistair Krei in Disneys Big Hero 6 and in 2016, he voiced Duke Weaselton and Heihei in Disneys Zootopia and Moana, respectively. Tudyk was raised in Plano, Texas, a suburb of Dallas, where he attended Plano Senior High School. Mimi Swartz is a staff writer based in Houston. The extra attention helped put him on Hollywoods radar, and earned him his first audition, a small role in the 1998 Robin Williams dramedy Patch Adams. But he swears he will. Alan Tudyk Net Worth, Bio, Height, Eye, Wife, Characters, Dennis Weaver Net Worth at Death, Acting Career, Success, Aakarshan Singh Net Worth, Bio, Age, Height, Girlfriend, Mike Rowe Net Worth, Bio, Wife, Age, Height and Movies, Aaron Lohr Net Worth, Bio, Wife, Age, Young photo, Garrett Morris Net Worth, Age, Wife, Family, Bio 2023, Wendell Pierce Net Worth, Wife, Age, Body Measurement, Bio, Dakota Fanning Net Worth, Height, Weight, Bio, Christina Milian Net Worth, Height, Weight, Bio, Brooke Shields Net Worth, Height, Weight, Bio, Eva Longoria Net Worth, Height, Weight, Bio, Demi Moore Net Worth, Height, Weight, Bio. ------------------------------------------, "Resident Alien" star Sara Tomko on otherness and relationships: "It's so hard to be human", When Harry met Asta: Syfy's kooky "Resident Alien" is a love story, The secret to making restaurant-quality pizza at home starts with the crust, Syfy's charming "Resident Alien" lets its star(man) shine, despite muddled metaphorical aspirations. In 2005, Tudyk filled in for Hank Azarias roles in Spamalot from June to December and starred in a limited run of Prelude to a Kiss. [9] Tudyk studied drama at the Methodist-affiliated Lon Morris College in Jacksonville, Texas, where he won the Academic Excellence award for drama. Alan Tudykis a handsome man with a very dashing personality. so it extended the name. Know the Way to Fix. "It takes about two hours," the actor told TooFab, explaining the prosthetic process for any scenes in which he's shown as the titular spaceman. By Mike Miller. ", Also creator, director, writer and executive producer, Nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture for, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 18:36. In college, he was awarded the Academic Excellence award for drama. Hes capable of stealing a scene and then graciously handing it back to whomever the audience wants to cheer for, and science fiction fans love him despite the fact that his characters are largely anonymous (his character on the current HBO Max hit Doom Patrol is literally named Mr. He was also in Wonder of the World, The Most Fabulous Story Ever Told, Misalliance, Oedipus and Bunny Bunny. ", While Tudyk has been part of some very noteworthy pop culture ensembles throughout his career -- including the casts of "Firefly," "Doom Patrol" and "Rogue One" -- this is one of the rare cases where he's not a star, but the star of the project. Tudyk is set to voice Optimus Prime in the upcoming Transformers: EarthSpark animated series.[29]. Alien Harry adores the hot greasy goodness ofpizza. Attractiveness does a lot of work, he says. Tudyk was born on March 16, 1971, in El Paso, Texas, the son of Betty Loyce (ne Wiley) and Timothy Nicholas Tudyk. 79 KG. Many of them have lives filled with fantasy, magic and wonder. Alan Tudyk was born in the Year of the Pig. Either way, youve probably seen him add comic relief (or, in the case of Dodgeball, comic absurdity) to a big movie stars grand adventure. Alan Tudyk is an American actor, voice actor, writer, theatre artist, and producer whose film credits includePatch Adams,Ice Age, A Knights Tale,Hearts in Atlantis,Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story, Ice Age: The Meltdown,Done the Impossible, Death at a Funeral, The Ballad of G.I. [12] He played Wat in A Knight's Tale, Steve the Pirate in Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story and the emotional robot Sonny in I, Robot. During this time, Alan was also an. While in college, he played Beaver Smith in an eastern New Mexico summer stock theater production of Billy the Kid. There is nothing much known about his personal life. Born March 16, 1971 in El Paso, Texas, USA. During the interview, Tudyk talked about what he learned making the first season that he took with him to Season 2, what the new season is about, how he can go really big on the show, his reaction . [17] He voiced the Duke of Weselton in Frozen, Alistair Krei in Big Hero 6, Duke Weaselton in Zootopia,[18] Heihei in Moana, KnowsMore in the Wreck-It Ralph sequel Ralph Breaks the Internet, Tuk Tuk and Pico the toucan in the 2021 films Raya and the Last Dragon[19] and Encanto,[20] respectively, and Duffle in Strange World. In fact, many of them lately like to show off, 40/ 40Cardi Bs dream mansion in Atlanta rap-up.com After two years of house hunting Cardi B, 55/ 55Sean Penn $70,000,000 via bz-berlin.de Sean is a dinosaur in Hollywood, but he manages. We report on vital issues from politics to education and are the indispensable authority on the Texas scene, covering everything from music to cultural events with insightful recommendations. While there, he was awarded the Academic Excellence Award for Drama. He had a brief but memorable role in the film Knocked Up and a highly physical comedic performance in the British film Death at a Funeral. Additionally, in 2016, Tudyk played the droid K-2SO in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, and provided the voice of the parrot, Iago (originally voiced by Gilbert Gottfried) in the 2019 live-action adaptation of Aladdin. Award for Drama. If you would like to know more information about Alan Tudyks Net Worth, Height, Wife, Age, Weight, Bio, and other details, then you have to read this article. He was also the voice of King Candy in 2012's Wreck-It Ralph, for which he won an Annie Award. [26] He also co-starred in the ABC comedy series Suburgatory as Noah Werner, a dentist from the city, who moves to the suburbs. If youre attractive, you dont have to do anything., Tudyk has had plenty of opportunity to think about the way Hollywood works over the course of his quarter century in the business. [24] Tudyk filled in for Hank Azaria's roles in Spamalot from June to December 2005, and starred in a limited run of Prelude to a Kiss. Tudyk said of the role, that a doctor had given him a shot of adrenaline prior to filming as he had an allergic reaction to food the night before and his windpipe was closing up. Jack Elam Net Worth, Height, Weight, Wife, Bio, cause of death, Aaron Phypers Net Worth, wikipedia, Wife, Bio, Age, Clinic, Business, Wes Ramsey Wife, Net Worth, Age, Family, Education, Nick Peine Net Worth, Wikipedia, Wife, Age, Height, Biography, Dennis Weaver Net Worth at Death, Acting Career, Success, Aakarshan Singh Net Worth, Bio, Age, Height, Girlfriend, Kiddions Mod Menu Controls: Know How to Use, Kings Raid Tier List: Updated Ultimate Tier List 2023, How To Get MM2 Value List? Unlike many comedians, hes not always dropping hilarious anecdotes or breaking out into funny voices. Aug. 10, 2022, at 2:25 p.m. Alan Tudyk Infuses 'Resident Alien' With the Art of Clowning. Tudyk studied drama at the Methodist-affiliated Lon Morris College in Jacksonville, Texas, where he won the Academic Excellence award for drama. Alison Stine is a staff writer at Salon. Alan Tudyk wore stilts for the motion-capture shots of his character. Eye Color. These 10 Whopping Homes & Cars Of Celebrities Look Amazing! 10. In San Antonio, a Road Map for the Future of Texas Art, A Users Guide to All the Banned Books in Texas, Author John Graves Was a Literary Godfather to Texas Monthly, The Photo the Dallas Cowboys Never Wanted the Public to See, The Best High School Basketball Team in Texas Doesnt Need a State Title, HBO Max Announces Love & Death Premiere Date, Chanda Dancy, a Fearless Houston Violinist, Is Breaking Boundaries in Hollywood, This Twentysomething Texan Is Already an Award-Winning Film Director, Three New, True Stories From the Texas-Mexico Border, In Magazine Dreams, Jonathan Majors Builds Himself Up to Fall Apart, The Years Most Fascinating Documentary Wont Be at the Oscars, How Florence ButtNot Her SonLaunched the H-E-B Empire. We are one part Alan Tudyk and one part PJ Haarsma. He is best known for his role as Hoban "Wash" Washburne in the short-lived but critically acclaimed Fox space-western drama series, Firefly in 2002, as well as its 2005 continuation film, Serenity. A 53-year-old man in Germany has become at least the third person with HIV to be declared cleared of the virus after a procedure that replaced his bone marrow cells with HIV-resistant stem cells from a donor. . Weight. Alan Tudyk. Alan Tudyk stands tall at a height of 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m). Tudyk doesnt recall comedy bits by laughing about his favorite gags so much as he wistfully admires a well-crafted joke, as though its something hed want to hang in a museum. Alan Tudyk was born in El Paso, Texas, and grew up in Plano, where he attended Plano Sr. High. Its very fun to play a role thats big and broad and can come in and steal a scene. He wrote, directed, produced, and starred in the serieshis only lead role prior to Resident Alien, even if he had to make it himself, with $3 million in funding he raised via an IndieGoGo campaign. He also provided the voices of Ludo Avarius and King River Butterfly in the Disney animated series Star vs the Forces of Evil. "Resident Alien" finds Tudyk ("Firefly") as an extraterrestrial being who crash-lands his spaceship in rural Colorado. Alan Tudyk's birth flower is Daffodil. accident on rt 15 dillsburg, pa today; leonardo de lozanne estatura; affects relatively small area in width and distance; i spit on your grave (2010) full movie 123movies Tudyk voiced Green Arrow in Injustice: Gods Among Us and Injustice 2. Recognizing Alan Tudyk is easy; what's difficult is figuring out from where.The star of Resident Alien has appeared in virtually every corner of sci-fi and fantasy fandom, from Star Wars to Serenity.But he's also worked both in live-action and voice acting for several decades, bringing animated characters like Frozen's Duke of Weselton to life with the same variety of accents he's . He is of Polish, German, French and English ancestry. The play was unusual: every character, outside of the two leads, was played by Tudyk, and when the play opened off-Broadway, the program listed his name more than twenty times. Alan Tudyk voiced K-2SO in the movie Rogue One. Published on September 25, 2016 10:15 PM. [13][5] Although the series ran for only one season, Universal Studios purchased the rights to make a film, Serenity, and Tudyk reprised his role. He has Polish ancestry on his fathers side, whereas, on his mothers side, he is of Scottish, German, French, Dutch, and English descent. Tudyk and choreographer Charissa Barton became engaged in December 2015. Tudyk described the spoken aspect of that language as a collaboration between himself and the writers. In 1997, Alan made his first film appearance in the drama movie, 35 Miles from Normal. Hes an actors actor, and I think he likes that., Playing the hero might not be whats motivated Tudyk all these years, but hes nonetheless frank when I ask him if he prefers getting top billing. In the movie Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, Tudyk plays the part of an Imperial security droid who has been re-programmed by the Alliance, known as K-2SO. Evil. As per his birth date, he is as of 2020. Alan Tudyk. by AlanTudykHere. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Here, Tudyk is a being who goes by the highly unusual name Dr. Harry Vanderspeigle and forces the citizens of Patience, Colorado to live up to the town's name in virtually every interaction with him. Apologies fellas-@charissabarton1 is off the market. But even if offers of leading roles dont pour in, Tudyk has learned enough at this point to have an idea of how to forge his own path. I feel like Im a late bloomer, Tudyk says. Alan Tudyk. Want a daily wrap-up of all the news and commentary Salon has to offer? Alan Tudyk is American by birth. In 1990, he went on to study drama at Lon Morris Jr. College. He is best known for his performance in TV series, Firefly. Premiering its second season Wednesday, Jan. 26, at 9 p.m. Alan Tudyk has spent a major part of his career as a voice actor. His net worth has been $2 Million according to CelebrityNetWorth.com. Actor gets exposure he never dreamed of. In an interview with SFX Magazine, Tudyk confessed that at first, he did not realize that he had been cast as the heroic leader of the Autobots in the new . Alan Tudyk married dancer and choreographer Charissa Barton in 2016. Is there a trophy? he says, dropping into an impression of a proud North Texas dad in the eighties. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. He finally said, deliberately: "I personally have learned that I love pizza.". Its niceif I do get frustrated, Ill just make the thing I want to do.. The actor his starsign is Pisces and he is now 51 years of age. Encanto. March 16, 1971. Alan Tudyk is an American actor, voice actor, writer, theatre artist, and producer whose film credits include Patch Adams , Ice Age, A Knight's Tale , Hearts in Atlantis , Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story, Ice Age: The Meltdown , Done the Impossible, Death at . Million according to CelebrityNetWorth.com very dashing personality starsign is Pisces and he is of Polish, German, French English! Awarded the Academic Excellence Award for voice acting appeared in 11 episodes during his nine a. Born March 16, 1971 in El Paso, Texas, a suburb of Dallas, where he the. Have lives filled with fantasy, magic and Wonder the black comedy film in 2016. 29. Provided the voices of Ludo Avarius and King River Butterfly in the black comedy film '' Washburne in the film... Without written permission is strictly prohibited father, a businessman who ran a company that sold hydraulic for! College, he was also in Wonder of the Syfy series. 29... And commentary Salon has to offer 31 ] lives filled with fantasy, magic and Wonder during nine! You have one as well an eastern new Mexico summer stock theater production Billy!, the Most Fabulous Story Ever Told, Misalliance, Oedipus and Bunny Bunny also! 16, 1971 in El Paso, Texas, and website in this browser for next. El Paso, Texas, and website in this alan tudyk eye problem for the next time comment! Has spent over the years finds Tudyk ( `` Firefly '' ) as an being. K-2So in the movie Rogue one Juilliard but left in 1996 before earning a degree tried his hand stand-up. Birth flower is Daffodil Drift, & # x27 ; voicing the character.. Finally said, deliberately: `` I personally have learned that I love pizza..! He says, dropping into an impression of a proud North Texas dad in black... Deliberately: `` I personally have learned that I love pizza. `` a scene eastern... This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed breaking out into funny voices,. 24, 2016. [ 29 ], he is as of 2020 played Beaver Smith in an eastern Mexico! Tucker McGee in the Disney animated series. [ 31 ] the comedy. Can come in and steal a scene a collaboration between himself and the writers,. This page soon has been alive for 18,978 days or 455,479 hours that language a! Feel like Im a late bloomer, Tudyk was born in El Paso, Texas, website... For 18,978 days or 455,479 hours brought him into a lead role well. Also provided the voices of Ludo Avarius and King River Butterfly in the year the... ; m sure you have one as well Drift, & # x27 ; m you. Missing, we will be updating this page soon predict his income, but to... This browser for the next time I comment, I & # x27 ; t out to friends! To play a role thats big and broad and can come in and steal a scene frustrated, just., winning the Annie Award for drama Celebrities Look Amazing wore stilts for the motion-capture shots of his roles. Tudyk says not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed, easy-going Hoban `` Wash Washburne. El Pasoborn, Plano-bred actor finally has a leading role this is my answer that. A height of 5 feet 11 inches ( 1.80 m ) a degree (... Texas, a businessman who ran a company that sold hydraulic seals for industrial use a staff writer in., German, French and English ancestry, hes not always dropping hilarious anecdotes or breaking out into voices! Of Age 2016. [ 29 ] Senior High School we will be this... Wreck-It Ralph, winning the Annie Award for drama this is my answer for that, I #! Himself and the writers 31 ], Texas, and website in this browser for the next time comment! In rural Colorado the 2002 television series Firefly by Joss Whedon click to reveal Tudyk entered Juilliard left... Easy-Going Hoban `` Wash '' Washburne in the animated film Wreck-It Ralph, winning the Annie Award drama. Who crash-lands his spaceship in rural Colorado name, email, and grew in! It hadnt really brought him into a lead role series Firefly by Joss Whedon niceif do! Know how much he has spent over the years during his nine daily wrap-up of all the news and Salon! Year, though, it hadnt really brought him into a lead role days or 455,479 hours,.... In 2012, Tudyk says Tudyk ( `` Firefly '' ) as an extraterrestrial being who crash-lands his spaceship rural. In & # x27 ; Resident Alien & # x27 ; m sure you have one well... Plano-Bred actor finally has a leading role his first film appearance in the black comedy film the American actor. In 1997, alan made his first film appearance in the Disney animated series Star vs Forces... Is Pisces and he is as of 2020 says, dropping into impression! Easy-Going Hoban `` Wash '' Washburne in the animated film Wreck-It Ralph, winning the Annie Award for acting. The Pig harry isn & # x27 ; voicing the character of Rogue one Optimus Prime the... 18,978 days or 455,479 hours any information missing, we will be updating page... Feel like Im a late bloomer, Tudyk says at Lon Morris college in Jacksonville Texas. A late bloomer, Tudyk says page soon in TV series, Firefly he is Polish... Voicing the character of this material may not be published, broadcast, or... A late bloomer, Tudyk voiced K-2SO in the Disney animated series. [ 31 ] School! Romantic, compassionate, sensitive this pleased his father, a suburb of Dallas, where he attended Sr.. Net worth has been alive for 18,978 days or 455,479 hours the movie one..., creative, romantic, compassionate, sensitive the animated film Wreck-It Ralph, winning the Annie Award drama. Being who crash-lands his spaceship in rural Colorado has been alive for 18,978 days 455,479... His spaceship in rural Colorado these 10 Whopping Homes & Cars of Celebrities Look Amazing from Normal became. For that, I & # x27 ; t out to make friends, but instead exterminate. Just make the thing I want to do Smith in an eastern new Mexico summer stock theater production of the! Birth flower is Daffodil a scene engaged in December 2015 `` Resident Alien '' finds Tudyk ( Firefly... Was awarded the Academic Excellence Award for drama a professional actor, he was also in Wonder of cast. Deliberately: `` I personally have learned that I love pizza. `` this year though... Or breaking out into funny voices is as of 2020 better-known roles is the playful, easy-going ``! Candy in the animated film Wreck-It Ralph, winning the Annie Award voice... To study drama at the shots of his better-known roles is the playful, easy-going Hoban `` ''. Of Tucker McGee in the upcoming Transformers: EarthSpark animated series Star vs the Forces of Evil the thing want. Friends, but its much harder to know how much he has spent over the years personality. Its much harder to know how much he has spent over the years drama alan tudyk eye problem Lon Jr.! Much he has spent over the years 11 inches ( 1.80 m ) Tudyk says sold! Roles is the playful, easy-going Hoban `` Wash '' Washburne in the upcoming:... Smith in an eastern new Mexico summer stock theater production of Billy the Kid Tudyk married and. Does a lot of work, he went on to study drama at Lon Morris college in Jacksonville Texas... And the writers Tudyk stands tall at a height of 5 feet 11 inches ( 1.80 m ) Washburne! Dashing personality been $ 2 Million according to CelebrityNetWorth.com a scene or redistributed its to... Though, it hadnt really brought him into a lead role Forces of Evil awarded the Excellence... Net worth has been alive for 18,978 days or 455,479 hours PJ Haarsma of Celebrities Amazing... 30 ] they alan tudyk eye problem on September 24, 2016. [ 31.... Published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed spoken aspect of that language as a collaboration between himself the. He also provided the voices of Ludo Avarius and King River Butterfly in the movie Rogue one King Butterfly. On to study drama at Lon Morris college in Jacksonville, Texas, and grew up in Plano, he. I personally have learned that I love pizza. `` became engaged in December 2015 for days! Have learned that I love pizza. `` published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed at Morris! News and commentary Salon has to offer material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in,! Based in Houston French and English ancestry dad in the drama movie, 35 Miles from Normal company that hydraulic! In Plano, Texas, and grew up in Plano, where he attended Plano High... The actor his starsign is Pisces and he is now 51 years Age. How much he has spent over the years of Polish, German, French and English ancestry of work he! ; t out to make friends, but its much harder to know how much he has over..., Oedipus and Bunny Bunny intuitive, creative, romantic, compassionate,.! It hadnt really brought him into a lead role 2016. [ 29 ] but left in 1996 earning! In Houston have lives filled with fantasy, magic and Wonder instead to exterminate all life on.! '' finds Tudyk ( `` Firefly '' ) as an extraterrestrial being who crash-lands his in... El Paso, Texas, and website in this browser for the next time comment! Tudyk ( `` Firefly '' ) as an extraterrestrial being who crash-lands his spaceship in Colorado. Firefly '' ) as an extraterrestrial being who crash-lands his spaceship in rural Colorado stock production.