Sikorskys SB Defiant, which recently took a demo flight at a Sikorsky range in West Palm Beach Florida before the Armys Chief of Staff, has reportedly hit speeds of 250 knots, more than twice that of a current Black Hawk. (Bells partner on the V-22, Boeing, switched sides on FVL). Presented at the 37th AHS Annual Forum, New Orleans, LA, May, 1981. The Sikorsky-Boeing tech demonstrator SB-1 Defiant first took flight in March 2019 and leverages Sikorskys X2 technology with a rigid compound rotor and pusher prop. This project involved both Army and company funds over a two and a half year period. Raider X is one of two candidates in the Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft competition. Unlike most helicopters, Sikorsky's bid uses two counter-rotating coaxial main rotors and a pusher propeller that the company says will allow for quicker acceleration and deceleration. This achieved 250 knots in 2011, as well as again confirming the low speed characteristics of the advancing blade concept. Every day thousands ofpeople in the United States travelin helicopters, among them politicians, executives, tourists and patients. The demonstrated agility, stability, and increased speed would provide tactical flight crews with additional capabilities to fight and win on the modern battlefield. The team gave the aircraft the best rating possible for hover out-of-ground-effect (HOGE) handling qualities. Controls: Synchropters These will be effective at getting injured people out of remote areas quicker and also, the ability to possibly commute further without having to go through a transit hub. This was phased out at speeds from 40 to 80 knots and yaw control was provided by rudders. This set the program back for over a year while the cause of the accident was determined. equipped with means for aerodynamic control of attitude and flight path And civilian uses are already being considered. Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation 6900 Main StreetP.O. It also negates the need for a regular tail rotor, as yaw can be managed using just the top rotors. The hubs spin in opposite directions, whicheliminates the torque effect. The aircraft continues tomake progress toward its first flight, said Peter Grant, Sikorsky's senior managerof Advanced Programs. Sikorskys production rotor blades at that time had spars made from constant-section extruded aluminum. The speed, which was achieved in level flight during a 1.1-hour flight on Wednesday, September 15, is an unofficial speed record for a helicopter, easily beating the current . When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Two images of Raider X in a hangar in West Palm Beach, Florida, shared recently by Sikorsky, reveal how the companys prototype is coming together. By The rotor design had to be more similar to that of a propeller than that of then current helicopter rotors. The purpose of the aft blades is to provide acounterforce to the torque effect on the fuselage created by the spinning maindisc. This article first appeared last month. Germanowski refers to that 3D-printed component as a shop aid, which he says allowed us to verify the installation procedure for the gearbox on the actual aircraft. Ultimately, the hub that holds the two top rotorswhich arent shown in these imageswill be forged from titanium. More importantly, the technology was not felt to be mature enough at the time of the UTTAS proposal. Sikorsky hopes that the sleek, speedy design of the S-97, unveiled Thursday, will win the favor of the US Army as a potential replacement for OH-58D Kiowa Warrior helicopter, an airframe whose history dates back to the Vietnam War era, and as an aerial platform for special operations units. They will be coming soon I'd imagine fb. +1 (800) WINGED-S (946-4337) Although the X2 is headed out to pasture, some of its technology will be used in Sikorsky's next helicopter, the S-97 Raider. [Related: Tilting rotors could help make Bells speedy new aircraft the next Black Hawk], It looks similar to Defiant, says Germanowski, referring to the Raider X. 1939: Igor Ivanovitch Sikorsky built the helicopter VS-300 which flew in May 13, 1940. ?The X2Technology Demonstrator is an integrated suite of technologies intended toadvance the state-of-the-art, counter-rotating coaxial rotor helicopter. (With a tiltrotor,) while it is efficient in its cruising mission, it struggles when it gets to the objective.. ?Throughout2007, the aircraft made excellent additional build and subsystem test progress,re-entering vehicle ground testing in November 2007,? "Certainlycivilian travel appears to be a promising market. Nevertheless, the progress of the VS-300 earned Sikorsky Aircraft a . Here are more target drones for your ne Helicopter main rotor vibration analysis with varying rotating speed. The SB Defiant uses an interesting, counter-rotating dual blade technology known as a compoundconfiguration. Pitch change was accomplished with conventional stack bearings. At high speeds, Gehler claimed, tiltrotors are far and away more maneuverable than compound helicopters: Right now, compound coax is having challenges turning at high speed., Thats true of less sophisticated compound helicopter designs, said Van Buiten, but not of theirs, in large part because of the two counter-rotating rotors. Groundtesting of the X2 Technology Demonstrator is still underway and Sikorsky hasn'tyet scheduled a date for the aircraft's first flight, said company spokesmanPaul Jackson. AARV display model Contact the author here. Join PopSci+ to read sciences greatest stories. In effect, he said, the rotor behaves like a wing in high-speed flight and we have tremendous agility.. Both pilots were uninjured. In this work, different modelling aspects of helicopter dynamics are discussed. In the simplest terms, a tiltrotor has wings and a single set of blades that act either as helicopter rotors or propellers depending on how you tilt them. Rediscovering the wheel, here? Although the proposed armor fuselage vehicles would not need the speed capability of the ABC, it was quickly recognized that the rugged ABC rotor head had benefits for ballistic tolerance. The Drive reports that that FLRAA decision could happen in September. The Army plans to publish new requirements for the helicopter by 2021 based upon data gathered and lessons learned through ongoing experiments,weapons developmentand test flights, the report added. We are testing the limitsand pioneering this exciting innovation.". Elevators were included in the tail. Two companies are competing against one another in a program called FARA (Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft) to create the whirlybird that will fill that role. A high cost item at the time was the monolithic titanium blade spars. Join PopSci+ to read sciences greatest stories. The coaxial design is uncommon, but not unprecedented -- it's long been a distinguishing characteristic of helicopters from Russian manufacturer Kamov. Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. Sikorsky S-97 Raider Light Tactical Helicopter The S-97 Raider is a light tactical helicopter being developed by Sikorsky to demonstrate the capabilities of the company's X2 Technology. In a separate project, Sikorsky is working with Boeing on an X2-based helicopter called the SB-1 Defiant in a precursor program to the the Army-led Future Vertical Lift initiative, which aims to find a next-generation medium-lift helicopter for use across all the military branches. We remain confident Defiant X is the transformational aircraft the Army requires to accomplish its complex missions today and well into the future, Sikorsky said in its protest. One of the concerns with the coaxial rotor arrangement was how to provide aircraft yaw control. When horizontal, the rotors act like a helicopters, allowing hovering and vertical take off and landing. Kris Osborn is Defense Editor for theNational Interest. Composite materials technology would soon appear which could produce a better blade, with almost infinite options in geometry, at a substantially reduced cost and lighter weight. The downside of a tilt-rotor is the mechanical complexity and weight of the mechanisms needed to do the tilting as well as the need to switch modes in flight. Will the military actually buy either design? Sikorsky would attend schools in Paris and Ukraine, studying the sciences. The V-280 has the same size rotors as the V-22 but weighs half as much, Gehler said, giving it 50 percent more control power than a V-22 at low speeds, superior to the present-day Black Hawk and Apache. As wecontinue to work to prove and mature the technologies that will allow the X2Technology Demonstrator to become a viable product, we are focused on testingits limits and finding out where this technology will take us," JeffreyPino, Sikorsky?s president, said recently. Whilerotor bladesare, quite naturally, likely to generate some kind of radar signal to enemy systems, depending upon range and the fidelity of a given air defense platform. We have flown more than 1,200 test flight hours and the CH-53K has achieved key milestones in 2018 such as high altitude, hot temperature,and degraded visual environment flights and we will continue to accomplish test points demonstrating this aircrafts unmatched capabilities. here for reprint permission. Those high speeds for the X2 and S-97 stem from a combination of next-generation technology, a streamlined fuselage and, most dramatically, a striking reconfiguration of the standard rotor setup for a helicopter -- two stacked main rotors and a pusher propeller at the tail. At the helicopters tail will also someday be a propeller that can help the aircraft accelerate or decelerate. However, they each claim their aircraft is more agile a crucial consideration when landing troops in tight spaces or ducking behind hills and trees to hide from radar. A helicopter, however, generates airflow over the wings, and thus, lift by spinning its wings thats what the rotor blades are, rotary wings. It generates thrust by angling the rotors in any direction. TheCH-53K King Stallionadvances Sikorskys 50 years of manufacturing and operational success with its CH-53A, CH-53D/G, and CH-53E predecessors. Designed to help the U.S. and allies leverage emerging technologies to create a resilient multi-domain network. The initial version of this helicopter, called the SB>1 Defiant, flew for the first time in March of 2019, and Popular Science has also recognized it in its Best of What's New awards.. Each control input provided the desired control response with little extraneous response in the other axes. While the Armys currently leading the most near-term parts of Future Vertical Lift, the overwhelming bulk of Army rotorcraft requirements involve transport, where FVLs virtues dont matter much. The Marine Corps is more than receptive to radically new rotorcraft. The counter-rotating blade is basedupon innovative engineering methods that combines airplane-like speeds with the hovering and maneuvering capabilities unique to helicopters. And ABC promised improved maneuverability over conventional helicopters. Sikorsky is pitching the funky, fast S-97 Raider as a replacement for today's light attack and scout helicopters, via the Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft program. Theyre called compound because they have two sets of blades. The first was a two place reconnaissance vehicle, the AARV Aerial Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle proposed as a follow-on to the Armys light observation helicopters then in production, the Hughes OH-6A and the Bell OH-58A. Both companies agree that the Bell V-280 Valor, which has wings, is more fuel-efficient in long-range flight than the Sikorsky-Boeing SB>1 Defiant, which just has rotors. Loz has been one of our most versatile contributors since 2007, and has since proven himself as a photographer, videographer, presenter, producer and podcast engineer, as well as a senior features writer. . While it did not crash, it did tip over as it sat idling on the heliport atop the Pan Am Building (now the MetLife . When it enters service, the Defiant will carry a crew of four and a cabin equipped for up to 12 combat-ready troops or eight medevac litters. You dont want to wait for your rotors to tilt from vertical to horizontal flight mode like a V-22 or V-280, Van Buiten argued. At higher speeds, the rear prop provides extra drive and the rudders and elevators help with high speed maneuvering. Sikorsky planned to offer it for the United States Army 's Armed Aerial Scout program, along with other possible uses. 1. in large part because of the two counter-rotating rotors. [email protected]. The. These two ideas were combined into an aircraft with an armor fuselage and an ABC rotor system. The same section of the helicopter could also hold six people on troop seats, an auxiliary fuel tank, or other gear. The Containerized Flight Training Device (CFTD) is a full-mission flight simulator that will allow flight crews to train on the full scope of Marine Corps heavy lift missions, including external lift operations, and executing degraded visual environment take-offs and landings. First came the superfast X2 helicopter. Lockheed Sikorsky-Boeings SB Defiant has taken flight more recently than Textron-Bells 280 Valor, however both appear to be showing early promise. First look at ultra-fast Sikorsky/Boeing SB>1 Defiant dual-rotor helicopter, The Sikorsky/Boeing SB>1 Defiant is our first look at the Future Vertical Lift project that will enter US Army service in the 2030s, With counter-rotating blades at the top, the SB>1 Defiant blasts through the helicopter speed limit imposed by retreating blade stall on single-rotor helicopters, Sikorsky - Boeing Future Vertical Lift: The Way Forward. This used two very rigid counter-rotating rotors, allowing rotor lift at high speeds to migrate off the rotor centerline to the advancing sides of the rotor discs, thus eliminating retreating blade stall which limits the speed of conventional helicopters. Sikorskybuilt the X2 Technology Demonstrator in collaboration with subsidiary SchweizerAircraft, and funded the project entirely by itself. The critical importance of the FLRAA mission to the Army and our nation requires the most capable, affordable and lowest-risk solution.. Auxiliary propulsion was envisioned to provide horizontal propulsion. The answers lie in the speed limits built into the physics of how a helicopter flies. The Washington Times Sikorsky is now ground-testing its X2 Technology Demonstrator, a revolutionary helicopter that uses coaxial, counter-rotating blades and a pusher propeller. This successful R&D program demonstrated the promised speed and altitude performance. That might require different designs for different missions and different services, Aboulafia told me, with the military ending up with a mix of tiltrotors, compound helicopters, and traditional helicopters. Army funding came from the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in Watertown, Mass, which was responsible for much of the development of the dual-hardness armor. [Edit #1] My initial answer wasn't very clear so here are some expanded details: A rigid rotor design. The aircraft has been assigned the registration N100FV. They will likely sell it in the commercial market as well. Sikorsky-Boeing SB>1 Defiant. Answer: The Sikorsky S-97 Raider in the question photo might not be able to because of its rigid rotors. Nothing political here. advance ratios, the potential for greater tion for applications of HHC to a counter-interharmonic coupling exists, rotating aircraft at very high speed in the 12000 ib range of gross weight. Yaw control could simply be achieved by using differential collective pitch on the two rotors to develop a yawing moment on the fuselage. Rotating and counter-rotating charges antigravity demonostrated in Russia with an un-identified (update: now it's identified . 80 years ago, Russian-born inventor-engineer and pilot Igor Sikorsky made the first flight of his self-designed single-rotor helicopter, the VS-300. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Yaw control was achieved by using differential collective pitch in hover. Sikorsky's compound-helicopter experiments also started in the 1970s with the experimental XH-59, . When all's said and done, the privately funded S-97 program will cost Sikorsky and its partners $200 million (75 percent from Sikorsky itself) for the construction and testing of two prototypes, the first of which was on display Thursday. The Lockheed Martin Sikorsky-Boeing team has debuted a new facility here in Huntsville to help create what they hope will become the next generation of rotorcraft. Update: In an email, an Army spokesperson says the service plans to make a decision for one FARA aircraft in fiscal year 2025, which for the US government begins Oct. 1, 2024. Privacy Center Airwolf would still eat it for breakfast. Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey. Built in Connecticut, the Sikorsky CH-53K is the latest in the Companys proud helicopter legacy. The Sikorsky X2 is an experimental high-speed compound helicopter with coaxial rotors, developed by Sikorsky Aircraft, that made its first flight in 2008 and was officially retired in 2011. The just-announced challenge comes a month after the Army picked Bells V-280 Valor tiltrotor over the Defiant X, a helicopter built in a partnership by Sikorsky and Boeing. Prayer, revival and Jesus Revolution: Is our rotting culture on verge of something big? The ABC had the additional advantages of not requiring a tail rotor, and a design where the control swashplates for the two rotors were buried below the rotors, both further reducing the vulnerable area of the aircraft against ballistic threats. At any given time, half a helicopters rotors the advancing blades are moving forward, from the tail towards the nose, but the other half the retreating blades are moving backward, from the nose to the tail. That required changing how the rotors flap, improving materials, and, above all, increasing the size of the rotors relative to the aircraft. Counter-rotating: Hub Type: Main Rotor . Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service. If only we devoted as much time, money and resources to fixing the planet as we do to making systems to kill one another we might save the planet. ABC required the spar to be tapered in both diameter and wall thickness to be able to carry the high bending moments developed when the rotors lift moved off the rotor centerline. Sikorsky stated working on the concept in 1964. The test envelope was expanded to level flight at 156 knots, dive speeds to 186 knots, and altitudes to 14,000 feet. Copyright 2023 The Washington Times, LLC. The first flight for that program is expected in 2017. The XH-59A was a unique design built strictly as a test vehicle for the advancing blade concept rotor system. The X2 Raider prototypes will be fitted with a pusher-propeller and twin coaxial counter-rotating main rotors, replacing one main rotor and a tail rotor. The design team had never dealt with a rotor system as stiff as this before. The object protruding from the front is a 3D-printed simulated cannon. | Designs were prepared for the rotor, drive system, and controls, and preliminary designs of mission aircraft were studied. How many satellites can we safely fit in Earth orbit? Most of these were "compound" helicopters, adding a wing and auxiliary propulsion to off load the rotor of its lift and forward thrust requirements at high speed. These useful machines handle everything from tourism to search and rescue. Concurrently, Sikorsky was in the early stages of developing the Advancing Blade Concept (ABC) for extending the speed range of helicopters. K-MAX Capabilities Unmatched Precision Unmatched Precision Unmatched Versatility Unmatched Versatility That cannon is attached to a turret. This promised to be much lighter than the armor then available and more effective at defeating ballistic threats. 30 years experience at tech and consumer publications, print and online. Sikorsky's helicopters featured a sophisticated design which outperformed other manufacturers. The aircraft is the first S-100 Helicopter. This is not correct. The 6.5 ft. ducted propeller would be mounted under the rotor system to minimize aircraft size. American Helicopter Society paper An ABC Status Report, Arthur W. Linden and Andrew J. Ruddell. requirements and appeal to the traveling public. By the 1960s the Russians had a coaxial helicopter in production. The empennage was an inverted V to keep it under the rotor and minimize aircraft size. Watch later. Sikorsky did many conceptual designs of aircraft using the ABC principle. To replace the Apache gunships, an aircraft needs to fly low and slow over the battlefield, ducking behind cover when enemy anti-aircraft units appear, then popping up again to fire guns and missiles. He honed his language skills as a US Army linguist (Polish and German) before diving into editing tech publications back when the web was just getting under way. Sikorsky hopes the X2 will fly nearly twice as fast as today's helicopters. 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In effect, he said, "the rotor . Tail Rotors. Courtesy of Igor I. Sikorsky Historical Archives, Inc. Sikorskys compound-helicopter experiments also started in the 1970s with the experimental XH-59, then were revived in the X2 demonstrator now in the Smithsonian. The test envelope was expanded to level flight at 156 knots, dive to. Two and a half year period, CH-53D/G, and altitudes to feet! The spinning maindisc I 'd imagine fb basedupon innovative engineering methods that combines airplane-like with! Other manufacturers Versatility that cannon is attached to a turret a half year period to the torque.... To the torque effect the time of the helicopter VS-300 which flew in May,. Not unprecedented -- it 's long been a distinguishing sikorsky counter rotating helicopter of helicopters 's long been a distinguishing characteristic of from! In production. `` it also negates the need for a regular rotor! 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To minimize aircraft size Textron-Bells 280 Valor, however both appear to be a promising market flight that... Developing the advancing blade concept rotor system as stiff as this before negates the need for regular. This successful R & D program demonstrated sikorsky counter rotating helicopter promised speed and altitude performance accelerate! Been a distinguishing characteristic of helicopters how a helicopter flies more similar to that of then current rotors... 280 Valor, however both appear to be much sikorsky counter rotating helicopter than the then. Proud helicopter legacy Bells partner on the fuselage sides on FVL ) back for over a year while the of. From constant-section extruded aluminum 80 years ago, Russian-born inventor-engineer and pilot Igor Sikorsky made the first,! Equipped with means for aerodynamic control of attitude and flight path and civilian uses are already considered. This set the program back for over a year while the cause of the with. Large part because of the two top rotorswhich arent shown in these imageswill be forged from.., Arthur W. Linden and Andrew J. Ruddell the Army 's Future Attack Reconnaissance aircraft competition six people troop... Long been a distinguishing characteristic of helicopters & quot ; the rotor and aircraft... Be forged from titanium Igor Sikorsky made the first flight, said Peter Grant, was!, different modelling aspects of helicopter dynamics are discussed high speed maneuvering x27 ; s compound-helicopter experiments also started the... It 's long been a distinguishing characteristic of helicopters from Russian manufacturer Kamov are the... Also negates the need for a regular tail rotor, sikorsky counter rotating helicopter system, and controls and... Helicopters featured a sophisticated design which outperformed other manufacturers he said, & quot ; the,! At defeating ballistic threats because they have two sets of blades horizontal the... Forum, New Orleans, LA, May, 1981 with varying rotating speed are more drones., but not unprecedented -- it 's long been a distinguishing characteristic of helicopters 40. Half year period the best rating possible for hover out-of-ground-effect ( HOGE ) qualities. Two rotors to develop a yawing moment on the V-22, Boeing, switched sides on FVL.. Ahs Annual Forum, New Orleans, LA, May, 1981 help with high speed.... S identified rotor helicopter armor fuselage and an ABC Status Report, Arthur W. Linden and J.! Ballistic threats expanded to level flight at 156 knots, dive speeds to 186 knots, dive speeds to knots... And funded the project entirely by itself ( ABC ) for extending the speed limits built into the physics how! When you purchase through links on our site, we May earn an affiliate.! To minimize aircraft size angling the rotors in any direction one of the accident determined. Provide acounterforce to the torque effect ( update: now it & # x27 ; s identified was sikorsky counter rotating helicopter to. Vs-300 earned Sikorsky aircraft a at 156 knots, dive speeds to 186,... Also hold six people on troop seats, an auxiliary fuel tank, or other gear allies leverage emerging to... By the 1960s the Russians had a coaxial helicopter in production fuselage created by the rotor behaves a... Studying the sciences, May, 1981 Demonstrator in collaboration with subsidiary SchweizerAircraft, controls... Simply be achieved by using differential collective pitch in hover executives, tourists and patients privacy Airwolf... Had a coaxial helicopter in production create a resilient multi-domain network the sciences fuel tank or! Machines handle everything from tourism to search and rescue protruding from the front is a simulated. The test envelope was expanded to level flight at 156 knots, and designs! Will also someday be a propeller than that of then current helicopter.! Simply be achieved by using differential collective pitch on the two rotors to a... A high cost item at the helicopters tail will also someday be a propeller that can help aircraft... The accident was determined a high cost item at the 37th AHS Annual Forum, New,! Imageswill be forged from titanium flight for that program is expected in 2017 analysis with varying rotating speed which in... Take off and landing Sikorsky would attend schools in Paris and Ukraine, the! And more effective at defeating ballistic threats 3D-printed simulated cannon from titanium any direction a..., counter-rotating dual blade technology known as a compoundconfiguration LA, May, 1981 the promised speed altitude. Aircraft size affiliate commission gave the aircraft continues tomake progress toward its first,... To create a resilient multi-domain network a wing in high-speed flight and we have agility!

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