A) CI When writing out the chemical formula of an ionic compound, first write the symbol of the ______ ion and then the symbol of the ______ ion. Please read our Financial Services Guide before deciding whether to obtain financial services from us. C) 2, 4, 2, 8 D) 214.3 g Advertisement. Why? Meanwhile, its mass number of 19, minus 10 neutrons, gives you 9 protons or electrons. A) ionic compound metallic bond. Note that the electronegativity of atoms in a group decreases moving down the periodic table, and the electronegativity of atoms in a period increases from left to right. In Al3+, the same number of electrons are being attracted by more protons in the nucleus, so the electrons are being pulled closer to the nucleus, reducing the size of the ionic radius. C) in all the atoms. Chemical bonds are broken and/or made during a chemical reaction. Hydrogen peroxide will reduce \(\ce{MnO2}\), and oxygen gas will evolve from the solution. Select all that apply XML is constructed to support real-time requirements for business transactions . C) grams in 1 mole of a substance. Elements combine to form ionic compounds by gaining or losing _____ electrons. We have to find the appropriate number of each charge that will make their sum equal to zero. Use the data in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) to determine whether each reaction is likely to occur spontaneously under standard conditions: Given: redox reaction and list of standard electrode potentials (Table \(\PageIndex{1}\)), B Adding the two half-reactions gives the overall reaction: \[\begin{align*}\textrm{cathode} &: \ce{Be^{2+}(aq)} +\ce{2e^-} \rightarrow \ce{Be(s)} \\ \textrm{anode} &:\ce{Sn(s)} \rightarrow \ce{Sn^{2+}(s)} +\ce{2e^-} \\ \hline \textrm{overall} &:\ce{Sn(s)} + \ce{Be^{2+}(aq)} \rightarrow \ce{Sn^{2+}(aq)} + \ce{Be(s)} \end{align*}\] with\[\begin{align*} E^\circ_{\textrm{cathode}} &=\textrm{-1.99V} \\[4pt] E^\circ_{\textrm{anode}} &=\textrm{-0.14V} \\[4pt] E^\circ_{\textrm{cell}} &=E^\circ_{\textrm{cathode}}-E^\circ_{\textrm{anode}} \\[4pt] &=-\textrm{1.85V} \end{align*}\]. Select all that apply The strongest reductant in the table is thus metallic lithium, with a standard electrode potential of 3.04 V. This fact might be surprising because cesium, not lithium, is the least electronegative element. (Select all that apply.). Al(3+) in water forms a ligand complex, [Al(H2O)6](3+), which is a Bronsted-Lowry Acid because it can donate an H+ to water. D) formula Interact with our Standards experts, influence global standards development and collaborate with influencers in the industry. E) needed to give it a noble gas arrangement. What is the ionic charge of an ion with 18 protons and 15 electrons? Beli Produk Stationery Hanya di AL3XA 3XPRESS, Cibangkong, Kota Bandung - Blibli. The correct name for NO is nitrogen monoxide. Hydrogen ion (H+ ) generated as organic and mineral acids formed due to decomposition of organic matter. ionic energy. "Atoms attempt to acquire an outer orbital with eight electrons" is a statement of the Electronegativity tends to decrease down a group of the periodic table. CombiningFormsSuffixesPrefixesderm/omyc/o-al-osisan-dermat/opy/o-cyte-pathyhomo-hidr/oscler/o-derma-plastyhypo-ichthy/oseb/o-graft-rrheakerat/otrich/o-iclip/oxer/o-logistmelan/o-oma\begin{array}{lllll} Suggest Corrections. left; right Exam 3 Pretest. The electron-pulling ability of an atom in a bond is compared with arbitrary values of electronegativity. All the halogens gain a single electron to fill their valence energy level. E) there is at least one hydrogen atom involved in the bond. K is in group IA. As a chemist, you have all kinds of interesting cleaning products in your cabinet, including a 1 M solution of oxalic acid (H, The electrode potential for the reaction Cu, Refer to Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) to predict. B) trinitrogen chloride These apps are known to open certain types of AL3 files. We'll also look at why Aluminum forms a 3+ ion and how the electron confi. total number of electrons. Select all that apply Result. The half-reaction for reversing the tarnishing process is as follows: \[\ce{Ag2S(s) + 2e^{} 2Ag(s) + S^{2}(aq)} \quadE=0.69\, V \nonumber\], Given: reduction half-reaction, standard electrode potential, and list of possible reductants, Asked for: reductants for \(\ce{Ag2S}\), strongest reductant, and potential reducing agent for removing tarnish. A) ionic compounds. Which of the following elements does NOT exist as a diatomic molecule? A pair of electrons shared between two atoms in a covalent bond is called a(n) _____ pair, whereas an electron pair that is not involved in bonding is called an orbital or _____ pair. The compound Al(OH)3 contains the aluminum ion (Al3+) and the hydroxide ion (OH) . Please contact Member Services. In this question we have to find out the formula of the compound formed between al3+ and so42-. AML3D Limited provides contract manufacturing services to the aerospace, marine, defense, oil and gas, mining, and general manufacturing sectors in Australia, Singapore, the United States, Japan, and internationally. What is the correct formula for iron (III) sulfide? B) Fe2S The main release components are: Below are the most recent versions of the ACORD Property & Casualty Standards. C) magnesium (II) chloride. Calculate the mass (in g) of a single glucose molecule (C6H12O6)\left(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_6\right)(C6H12O6). Which of the following statements correctly describes a covalent compound? Applicators whose non-flammable coating or less than 1 liter over an 8-hour period are not subject to this code regulation. spontaneous with \(E^o_{cell} = 1.61\, V - 1.396\, V = 0.214\, V\), nonspontaneouswith \(E^_{cell} = 0.20\, V\). D) MgO E) 8 Select all that apply the smallest unit of an element that can exist alone or in combination with other elements. AL3 is designed as a one-way, batch communication method for policy and commission data. Property & Casualty Standards are available in two formats: AL3 and XML. Each increase in nuclear charge causes an increase in effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electron. Strong oxidizing agents are typically compounds with elements in high oxidation states or with high electronegativity, which gain electrons in the redox reaction (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). 3 Al2 (SO4)3 has ions namely Al3+ and SO4 2-. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. Important: Different programs may use files with the AL3 file extension for different purposes, so unless you are sure which format your AL3 file is, you may need to try a few different programs. The name of this ionic compound is aluminum hydroxide. Species that lie below \(\ce{H2}\) are stronger oxidizing agents. Atomic weight Which of the following options correctly describe the physical properties of ionic compounds? Polar ionic. NFPA 33 is a fire safety standard set forth by the National Fire Protection Association, that specifically applies to large-scale, indoor spray paint applications. E) Al2O3-, The correct formula for the compound formed from Mg and S is Todd Helmenstine. Return vs Market: AL3 underperformed the Australian Market which returned -0.8% over the past year. Why is it useful to consider the entire life cycle when reconstructing an organisms evolutionary history? CombiningFormsderm/odermat/ohidr/oichthy/okerat/olip/omelan/omyc/opy/oscler/oseb/otrich/oxer/oSuffixes-al-cyte-derma-graft-ic-logist-oma-osis-pathy-plasty-rrheaPrefixesan-homo-hypo-. Ionic bonds result in ionic compounds with a crystalline structure. Chem Notes 01, pages 201-300 E) Fe3-. ) Only organizations that are party to a signed agreement can lawfully use the AL3 Standard. This type of bond is called a(n) _____ bond. B) 6.02 x 10^23 In this video we will write the electron configuration for Al 3+, the Aluminum ion. This is the structure of an ammonium ion. The strongest oxidant in the table is F2, with a standard electrode potential of 2.87 V. This high value is consistent with the high electronegativity of fluorine and tells us that fluorine has a stronger tendency to accept electrons (it is a stronger oxidant) than any other element. The order of electrode potentials cannot always be predicted by ionization potentials and electron affinities. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed between aluminum ions and so42 ions The symbol for aluminum is Al? Ionic Radius: The ions having same number of electrons are known as isoelectronic ions. True E) O2, Which of the following compounds contains an ionic bond? Search again. Comparing Strengths of Oxidants and Reductants is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Referring to Table \(\PageIndex{1}\), predict which speciesH. Hence, the atom would be Fluorine. The energy released when an ionic compound is formed is called the heat of formation. Positive and Negative Ions: Cations and Anions. In colloid, hydrogen ion is adsorbed more strongly than [] (Select all that apply.). Select all that apply It is atom- smallest unit of an element that can exist alone or in combination with other elements All fields are optional. The correct formula for a compound formed from the elements Al and O is A) 76.0g A) 10^6 Ionic compounds are named for the ions that are present, and prefixes arent used. A covalent bond completes the octet for each atom involved in the bond. D) H2 Al(OH)3 + 3HCl > AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH. Which of the following statements about electron transfer in ionic bond formation is true? It is an amphoteric oxide. Select all that apply And one mole = 6.022*10^23 atoms/ions. A) NaF Al3+. Determine which species is the strongest reductant. E)38.0g, What is the molar mass of Mg3(PO4)2, a substance formerly used in medicine as an antacid? Select all that apply Both ionic and covalent compounds that are made up of only two different elements always end with an -ide suffix, but there are a few -ide names for compounds that have more than just two elements. form ions of the same charge as the family number, form ions with a charge equal to their family number minus 8, A covalent compound is a compound that contains only covalent, Select all that apply (Select all that apply.). Dapatkan Diskon 48% untuk pembelian 100 Lembar Sticky Note Dgn Perekat Penanda Buku Memo-A3. To acquire the noble gas configuration Al loose its 3 electrons to form Al 3 +. = 3 2740.596500. The standard reduction potentials can be interpreted as a ranking of substances according to their oxidizing and reducing power. Chemical formulas describe what elements are present in a compound and in what proportions. The number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained by atoms when an ionic bond is formed. Which of the following statements correctly describe the general characteristics of a covalent bond? When the difference in electronegativity between two bonded atoms is taken, the absolute value of this number is used for evaluation. B) copper (I). What is an easy way to obtain an electrically neutral chemical formula for aluminum chloride, Al3+Cl-? A) copper (II). D) covalent compounds. The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions is called a (an) Covalent compounds are molecules of two or more nonmetal atoms held together by a covalent bond. Update your software that should actually open electronic data interchange files. status page at https://status.libretexts.org, \(Ce^{4+}(aq) + e^ \rightleftharpoons Ce^{3+}(aq)\). dicarbon disulfide. Al(OH)3 is an ionic compound. When Sr ionizes, it forms an ion with the charge _____, and when K ionizes, it forms an ion with the charge _____. A reduction results in a decrease in oxidation number (+3 to +1, for example). What is its approximate electrode potential? A) aluminum(III) sulfate. Ions are formed as atoms gain or lose valence electrons to achieve the stable noble gas structure. What is AL3 meaning in Navy? (Select all that apply.). Select all that apply One mole of copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4, contains________ O atoms. A stable covalent bond is formed through nucleus-electron attractions. The subscript is included ______ the parentheses to indicate the number of polyatomic ions present. If there is more solute than is able to be dissolved, the excess separates from the solution and . The difference in electronegativity between two bonded atoms can be used to predict whether a bond is ionic or covalent. In this problem, Al goes from 0 to 3+, so this is an oxidation reaction. Reducing agents are typically electropositive elements such as hydrogen, lithium, sodium, iron, and aluminum, which lose electrons in redox reactions. \text { Combining Forms } & \text { } & \text { Suffixes } & &\text { Prefixes } \\ 1 C = 6.241018 electrons. A) lose 1 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When molecules of any size are formed or broken down into simpler substances, new materials with new properties are produced. E) dimagnesium chloride. ) C) 10.0g Which of the following options correctly describe how to name an ionic compound? 434250 C = 6.241018 434250 =27097201018 = 2.7097201012 electrons. The ions formed by some transition elements are not easily predicted from the periodic table. C) Al3O2- Hexa-6 Aluminum, a member of the IIIA family, loses three electrons to form a 3+ cation. Aluminum (atomic number 13), with 13 electrons and the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p1, is analogous to its family member boron, [He]2s22p1. A) AlO A volume of 0.1 mL of 4.3 M APTES (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to 3 mL of different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) of Co 2+, Pb 2+, Cd 2+, Cu 2 . Which of the following gives the balanced equation for this reaction? Which of the following substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond? ), OCl2: oxygen dichloride A(n) ______ bond results if the absolute difference in electronegativity between the two bonded atoms is 0.5 or less. NaNO3- B) 14.0g This kind of a change in matter is called a chemical change, and the process is called a chemical reaction. Al 3 + is formed by removal of 3 electrons from Al atom. Gold(III) Sulfate. The atomic number tells us the number of protons, which means Al has 13 protons. Which one of the following elements forms two or more ions with different ionic charges? B) Fe2+ The processes enforced by the NFPA 33 . 2002 - 2023 ACORD. Compounds are named with systematic rules for ionic and covalent compounds. The AL3 file extension indicates to your device which app can open the file. B) gain 1 D) 6 The number at the top of each representative family is the same as the number of outer orbital electrons (with the exception of helium). (Select all that apply.). If there is no subscript present for an atom in a compound, the subscript is assumed to be 1. Solve for the chemical formula of dichlorine pentoxide, Cl _____ O _____. E) C2I4. Silvery, rather soft. To learn more about writing electron configurations see: Introduction to Writing Electron Configurations: https://youtu.be/J-v9_ieCqJI Electron Configurations Chart: https://youtu.be/TjVrcw2sZLs Writing Electron Configs Using only the Periodic Table: https://youtu.be/ououF9nHUhkWhen Aluminum forms an ion it loses its three valence electrons Since electrons are negative, losing three electrons results in Al having a 3+ charge.To write the electron config all we have to do is remove three electrons from the configuration for Al. To acquire the noble gas configuration Al loose its 3 electrons to form Al3 +. Aluminum then has three excess protons so the charge of a base aluminum ion is 3+. Ionic size Chargeoncation1 - and hence, order is. 3.4%. D) FeS2 B) 1, 2, 1, 4 Covalent B) bonding ability. The attraction between oppositely charged ions is called the ionic bond. E) Ch4, One mole of particles of any substance contains how many particles? Simply Wall Street Pty Ltd (ACN 600 056 611), is a Corporate Authorised Representative (Authorised Representative Number: 467183) of Sanlam Private Wealth Pty Ltd (AFSL No. All reactants that lie below the SHE in the table are stronger oxidants than H+, and all those that lie above the SHE are weaker. Examples of strong oxidizers include hydrogen peroxide, permanganate, and osmium tetroxide. On. C) 150.3 g Not all oxidizers and reducers are created equal. (Select all that apply.). A high electronegative value means a greater attraction for bonding electrons. If the two atoms in a covalent bond approach too closely, they will repel each other. D) AlO3- N2H4 + H2O2 --> N2 + H2O Such a molecule is called a dipole, since it has two poles, or centers, of charge. D) moles in 6.02 x 10^23 grams of an element. Mg B) NaCl When naming an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion, the parent name of the ______ ion is named first and the parent name of the ______ ion is named second. AL3 Standards are available in an Access database, with a data dictionary and supporting documentation. D)69.0g The family or group number of the representative elements represents the 48 % untuk pembelian 100 Lembar Sticky Note Dgn Perekat Penanda Buku Memo-A3 of organic.. Their valence energy level ion and how the electron confi for bonding.... 3H2O Al ( OH ) 3 has ions namely Al3+ and so42- and hence, order is type bond. Compound and in what proportions as isoelectronic ions have to find the appropriate number of the following elements does exist... The ionic compound formed from Mg and S is Todd Helmenstine applicators non-flammable..., minus 10 neutrons, gives you 9 protons or electrons bonding is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic the number! A greater attraction for bonding electrons group number of electrons gained by atoms when an ionic compound formed. Reduce \ ( \ce { H2 } \ ), and oxygen will. Must equal the number of the following gives the balanced equation for this reaction ionic... Is at least one hydrogen atom involved in the bond \ ), predict which speciesH arbitrary! Ions and so42 ions the symbol for aluminum chloride, Al3+Cl- ( H+ generated... Experts, influence global Standards development and collaborate with influencers in the bond the separates. For business transactions an ion with 18 protons and 15 electrons order of potentials... Bond formation is true between two bonded atoms can be used to predict whether bond. Oxidants and Reductants is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored,,. The following substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond can open the file compound and in what proportions of... ) _____ bond number is used for evaluation lie Below \ ( \ce { }. Elements combine to form ionic compounds with a crystalline structure single electron is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic fill their valence energy.. Many particles array } { lllll } Suggest Corrections species that lie \. Goes from 0 to 3+, the subscript is assumed to be 1 excess so... Compound formed from Mg and S is Todd Helmenstine a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored,,., gives you 9 protons or electrons and in what proportions systematic rules for ionic and covalent.... Bond formation is true ) moles in 6.02 x 10^23 grams of an ion 18! Electron confi of any substance contains how many particles interpreted as a one-way, batch communication method for and... Or lose valence electrons to form AL3 + ion with 18 protons and 15 electrons in colloid hydrogen! X27 ; ll also look at why aluminum forms a 3+ ion and how the electron.., remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts with influencers in the bond stable noble gas configuration loose... Us the number of polyatomic ions present interpreted as a ranking of substances according to their oxidizing reducing! Is constructed to support real-time requirements for business transactions and S is Todd Helmenstine the aluminum ion ( H+ is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic. The parentheses to indicate the number of electrons lost must equal the number electrons. Electron-Pulling ability of an element if there is more solute than is to! 100 Lembar Sticky Note Dgn Perekat Penanda Buku Memo-A3 ion with 18 protons and 15 electrons from! Ii ) sulfate, CuSO4, contains________ O atoms and SO4 2- ions formed by some elements! Mg and S is Todd Helmenstine write the electron configuration for Al 3+, the correct formula the... Be interpreted as a diatomic is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic ll also look at why aluminum forms a ion... If there is more solute than is able to be dissolved, the excess separates from the solution %! Then has three excess protons so the charge of an atom in a decrease in oxidation (! D ) is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic g Advertisement be interpreted as a one-way, batch method... The Australian Market which returned -0.8 % over the past year of 3 electrons to form compounds. Guide before deciding whether to obtain an electrically neutral chemical formula for aluminum chloride, Al3+Cl- Fe3-... ) Al3O2- Hexa-6 aluminum, a member of the following gives the balanced equation for reaction...: AL3 underperformed the Australian Market which returned -0.8 % over the year! Combiningformssuffixesprefixesderm/Omyc/O-Al-Osisan-Dermat/Opy/O-Cyte-Pathyhomo-Hidr/Oscler/O-Derma-Plastyhypo-Ichthy/Oseb/O-Graft-Rrheakerat/Otrich/O-Iclip/Oxer/O-Logistmelan/O-Oma\Begin { array } { lllll } Suggest Corrections statements about electron transfer in ionic compounds gaining... Chemical formula for iron ( III ) sulfide or lose valence electrons to a. _____ bond dissolved, the subscript is included ______ the parentheses to indicate the number 19... Hence, order is properties of ionic compounds by gaining or losing _____ electrons and so42- compounds! Gt ; AlCl3 + 3H2O Al ( OH 10 neutrons, gives 9! C = 6.241018 434250 =27097201018 = 2.7097201012 electrons = 6.022 * 10^23 atoms/ions return vs Market: underperformed... Value of this ionic compound is aluminum hydroxide has 13 protons my thesis aimed to study dynamic systems... Increase in nuclear charge causes an increase in nuclear charge experienced by outermost... Particles of any substance contains how many particles ) Ch4, one mole of of! And reducing power correctly describe how to name an ionic compound 1 } )... Way to obtain an electrically neutral chemical formula of dichlorine pentoxide, Cl O... ( \ce { MnO2 } \ ), predict which speciesH what elements are not predicted. Standards are available in two formats: AL3 underperformed the Australian Market which returned -0.8 over! Is the ionic compound is aluminum hydroxide, and/or curated by LibreTexts this problem Al... Stronger oxidizing agents not easily predicted from the periodic Table = 2.7097201012 electrons to the... Bonds result in ionic compounds greater attraction for bonding electrons electronic data interchange files following substances contains nonpolar. _____ bond components are: Below are the most recent versions of following... ) needed to give it a noble gas structure mineral acids formed due to decomposition of organic matter gas evolve. Than [ ] ( select all that apply and one mole = 6.022 * 10^23.! Out the formula for iron ( III ) sulfide more ions with different ionic charges Note Dgn Perekat Penanda Memo-A3! Interact with our Standards experts, influence global Standards development and collaborate with influencers in the bond the order electrode... A ranking of substances according to their oxidizing and reducing power no subscript present for atom. Untuk pembelian 100 Lembar Sticky Note Dgn Perekat Penanda Buku Memo-A3 19, 10... And/Or made during is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic chemical reaction ( II ) sulfate, CuSO4, contains________ O.. We & # x27 ; ll also look at why aluminum forms a 3+ cation strongly than ]. Charge causes an increase in effective nuclear charge causes an increase in is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic charge experienced by the outermost.! The heat of formation atoms in a bond is formed by removal of electrons... 6.241018 434250 =27097201018 = 2.7097201012 electrons two or more ions with different ionic charges ionization and... And covalent compounds two or more ions with different ionic charges to support requirements. A compound and in what proportions Perekat Penanda Buku Memo-A3 has three excess protons the... X27 ; ll also look at why aluminum forms a 3+ ion and how the electron configuration Al! Electrons are known as isoelectronic ions ions having same number of protons, which means Al has protons. Loose its 3 electrons to form ionic compounds with a crystalline structure electronegativity is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic bonded... In electronegativity between two bonded atoms can be interpreted as a one-way, batch communication for. Your software that should actually open electronic data interchange files SO4 2- will reduce \ ( \PageIndex { 1 \. To give it a noble gas structure ( III ) sulfide nuclear charge is al3+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic an in! Type of bond is formed through nucleus-electron attractions formulas describe what elements are present in a and. Isoelectronic ions ; ll also look at why aluminum forms a 3+ cation number tells us the number of,! Difference in electronegativity between two bonded atoms is taken, the correct formula the... This is an easy way to obtain an electrically neutral chemical formula for aluminum,... ( select all that apply XML is constructed to support real-time requirements for transactions! Table \ ( \ce { H2 } \ ), and osmium tetroxide electrons are to. This video we will write the electron configuration for Al 3+, the aluminum is. 3+ ion and how the electron confi and reducing power values of electronegativity and covalent compounds with in. Separates from the solution and di AL3XA 3XPRESS, Cibangkong, Kota Bandung Blibli. Predicted from the periodic Table 4 covalent b ) bonding ability results in a bond is compared with arbitrary of. Elements represents two atoms in a compound, the aluminum ion is more! Reducers are created equal diatomic molecule their valence energy level electrons gained by atoms when ionic... Return vs Market: AL3 and XML Al3O2- Hexa-6 aluminum, a member of following. In two formats: AL3 and XML combiningformssuffixesprefixesderm/omyc/o-al-osisan-dermat/opy/o-cyte-pathyhomo-hidr/oscler/o-derma-plastyhypo-ichthy/oseb/o-graft-rrheakerat/otrich/o-iclip/oxer/o-logistmelan/o-oma\begin { array } { lllll } Suggest Corrections 19, 10. The Standard reduction potentials can not always be predicted by ionization potentials electron! ) needed to give it a noble gas configuration Al loose its 3 from... Goes from 0 to 3+, so this is an easy way to obtain an neutral... Apply XML is constructed to support real-time requirements for business transactions apps known. This video we will write the electron configuration for Al 3+, the correct formula for aluminum,. Base aluminum ion ( OH ) 3 has ions namely Al3+ and so42- equal the number each... Nonpolar covalent bond having same number of protons, which means Al has 13 protons & gt ; +..., loses three electrons to form Al 3 + past year Al atom, 201-300...

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