All focus group discussions and interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in Amharic. 2022 Apr;10(4):893-900. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.010. Article Consequently for many indigenous people, attempts to restore wellbeing through the utilization of biomedicine must include customary affirmation of the nature-spirit intercession as a feature of the recuperation process. Nurse Educ Today. We've encountered a problem, please try again. The culture of the Tehuledere region reflects a mix of pre-Christian indigenous beliefs, as well as Christian, Muslim and migrant Cushitic Oromo (largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia) influences. Disease Causation - Henle-Koch Postulates: (1877) A set of 4 criteria to be met before the relationship between a particular infectious agent and a particular disease is accepted as causal. This article's focus on disease causation derives from the emphasis on the political, economic, and cultural context of illness that characterizes Africanist scholarship in this field. Learning from strangers: the art and method of qualitative interview studies. However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Dime (1995:30-31) argues that the diagnosis of diseases in an African traditional healing system is a twofold event. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb) was observed to be common in the study population. By using this website, you agree to our First, germ theory separated the disease from the person suffering from the disease. statement and Five rural communities (one from each of the five Kebeles) were included in the study. Part of The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. Germ theory was first clearly stated by an Italian physician named Girolamo Fracastoro in the mid-1500s. Multifactorial causation of disease theory was proposed by Pettenkofer. The study communities also associated ill-health with social elements. Health was attributed by study participants to the will of God/Allah Who sends Melayka (the guardian angel) into peoples homes: Many thanks to Allah! Many of the participants in the study specifically related poverty and lack of appropriate food to ill health. Disease is an objectively measurable pathological condition of the body. Of the 54 accidental deaths, 31 (57%) were caused by RTAs. Google Scholar. The views presented in the article are of the authors and do not necessarily express the views of the funding organization. TeleFax +91-581-2302188. New York: Wiley; 1978. Similar to Murdock, we have categorized these as natural causes of ill-health. Some of key informants also observed that susceptibility to certain diseases such as epilepsy, infertility and mental illness runs in certain families through generations. 0 Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. 4. PubMedGoogle Scholar. What are Demonic and divine Theory and Ecological theory of disease? Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Homosexual Mathematician Who Rescued the World Still Died In Disgrace: The Br Configuration of audiogram_de6f98ffd3d657e86d774387bbfaf319.pdf, Science-What-do-plants-need-to-grow-PowerPoint.pptx, Associative_Memory_Neural_Networks_pptx.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Presence of worry was also seen as part of being cause of illnesses, as one female participant explained: If he is angry, then he wont do his work, he would just be distracted by worrying too much, I think that might lead to other diseases.But we worry about everything which is another cause of illness; we get ill with the very little thing [Female, Study Community # 4]. Ann N Y Acad Sci. In addition to supernatural and natural elements, the data presented here suggest that social causes of illnesses need to be added to fully explain the perceptions of the study participants. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Triangulation of different data collection techniques including focus group, semi-structured interview data, observations and informal interviews with study participants was a strength of the study. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. Am Anthropol. In total, 96 people participated in focus groups. In Ethiopia, people use indigenous medical systems as an alternative health care service along with the biomedical health services [1, 6]. Our study highlighted the importance of the social element in perceptions of illness causation in this study community. These are the things that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health. When Western biomedical practitioners overlook, or scorn the supernatural convictions held by group individuals they risk distancing the very individuals they look to treat. Accessibility Wadaja lately assumed a much more modified and purposive role of combating the zar, buda or other supposedly spirit afflicted illnesses [Male, Study Community # 2]. Epub 2022 Apr 6. 93 0 obj <>stream Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. TWIO. So if there is no peace at home, there will be no health [Female, Study Community # 4]. He is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. Gender-based violence is a key factor . HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help BEINGS Model of disease causation includes Spiritual factors , Social factors & Nutritional factors. Made with by Sagar Aryal. For long, man was groping in darkness about the causation of disease. If God wants you to live healthy, then you live healthy [Female, Study Community # 1]. Not everyone finds it easy to do the exercise recommended by the NHS - two out of three people say they do less than 150 mins (2.5 hours) of moderate exercise and fewer than one in 10 manage more . Mesfin H, Teferi G, Heather B. Footnote 2 witches are believed to cast spells on people causing them to experience ill health: The sheikhs and qallichas apply magical knowledge to affect cure or induce illness Muslim sheikhs consult medical texts, produce magically charged protective amulets (Kitab) and talismans (talsam) of various kinds believed to endow the bearer with some beneficial effect [Male, Study Community # 4]. Ideas about illness causation may include such ideas as breach of taboo, soul loss, germs, upset in the hot-cold balance of the body, or a weakening of the body's immune system. power point presentation, Epidemiology and preventive veterinary medicine.docx1, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, University of Amsterdam and University College London, Herbal Antimicrobials to Counter AMR.pptx. Gordis, L. (2014). These conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef (genetically acquired disease). This study found that among the Tehuledere there are a wide range of perceptions regarding the causation of illness. Full Text: PDF. Participatory observation, over a total of 5months during the span of one year, was supplemented by focus group discussions (n=96 participants in 10 groups) and in-depth interviews (n=20) conducted with key informants. The accessibility and geographic distribution of the five Tehuledere sub-districts (ketena) around the urban center provided the primary basis for selecting the study communities. Respecting autonomous decision making among Filipinos: a re-emphasis in genetic counseling. This paper therefore is aimed at examining the causes and consequences of rapid erosion of cultural values in nigeria. A valuable and interesting world survey of aboriginal theories of disease causation has been made by Clements.1 The types and distributions of ithe theories which he pre-sents embrace well the main methods of interpreting disease in simpler societies; yet the basic analysis of disease causation concepts which he employs needs a little further Participants in most focus groups maintained that trust in ones married partner determines ones health. (3) ecosocial theory and related multi-level frameworks. They also articulated the role of natural causes and social relationships in maintaining good health. Kahissay, M., Fenta, T. & Boon, H. Beliefs and perception of ill-health causation: a socio-cultural qualitative study in rural North-Eastern Ethiopia. The validity of our findings was enhanced by employing different types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (the data collected in the focus groups and the individual interviews were compared and contrasted); and investigator triangulation (multiple members of the research team both in and outside the field participated in data analysis including coding and identification of themes) [14]. The use of open-ended questions, as well as informal conversations with informants on topics they themselves raised, were among the ways pursued to mitigate these challenges. Unfortunately, the mainstream health education and primary health care system in the region focus almost exclusively on natural causes of ill health such as sanitation and infection. People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. Obot N (2012) Effects of cultural practices on health: The Nigerian experience. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Then we stay healthy [Female, Study Community # 4]. If Allah wants you to stay healthy, you stay healthy. Almost all the focus group participants emphasized the importance of God/Allah in their day-to-day lives without whom they said it is impossible to secure health. CAS Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. Anderson R. The efficacy of ethnomedicine: research methods in trouble. A guy will be healthy person [if] he keep agrees with his neighbors and doesnt argue, one that doesnt hold grudges, one that lives with others in peace. Ethiop J Health Dev. A belief of disease causation where it is thought illness is caused by misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being. Genetic counseling of the deaf. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Wilson. He worked as a Lecturer at St. Xaviers College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, from Feb 2015 to June 2019. Murdock G. Theory of illness. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planning prevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. This theme does not appear in Murdocks model. Nature of qualitative evidence. In total 20 individuals, with age range of 3775 years old, participated in in-depth interviews including 11 men and 9 women. Disclaimer. He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. WHO. The .gov means its official. The provision of culturally competent health care is an important professional issue recognized by the pioneer genetic counselors in the Philippines. Chronic Malnutrition begins before birth due to poor maternal health, it can also be as a result of poor breast feeding, infections and lack of availability of proper nutrients in a developing child. And the general lesson regarding the importance of understanding the cultural context in which new health related interventions are being implemented is reinforced by this study. 2015;29(2):12736. The connection between ill-health and lying needs further exploration for indigenous groups like this. Disease theory was proposed by Pettenkofer is aimed at examining the causes and of! Fracastoro in the Philippines lack of appropriate food to ill health 31 ( 57 % were! Kathmandu, Nepal, from Feb 2015 to June 2019: a re-emphasis in counseling. Access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more Vulnerability Disclosure, Help BEINGS Model disease. Verbatim in Amharic decision making among Filipinos: a re-emphasis in genetic counseling these as natural of..., it is thought illness is caused by misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being of regarding. Communities also associated ill-health with social elements where it is thought illness is caused by.. 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