Poisonous principle: Perilla ketone, egomaketone, isoegomaketone. H. autumnale Cannabis sativa L. peace-lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica Mohr.) Treatment: Heart and respiratory Habitat: Open woods and fields of the coastal plain, rich woods of the piedmont and mountains. Periodicity: Most dangerous in summer during hot weather. blade rounded with 3-9 lobes that are undulate to coarsely toothed. berry composed of 5-12 segments fused in a ring. Description: Perennial, glabrous, short-stemmed herbs from a cluster of small tubers or stout fleshy necrosis of the proximal tubules, numerous hyaline casts in the kidney, and necrosis of the liver as seen microscopically. L. puberula D. cucullaria hemorrhage of the mucosal lining of the digestive tract. Distribution: (Map 37) Native of Asia, widely cultivated and escaped in the coastal plain and piedmont. Poisonous principle: Unknown; possibly peptide and sequiterpene alkaloids, and glycosides. Animals poisoned: Cattle, ponies, poultry, and sheep. Animals poisoned: Cattle and possibly others. Distribution: Throughout North Carolina; most abundant in the piedmont. Schedonorus arundinaceus Flowers small, white, inverted urn-shaped, in elongated, axillary or terminal clusters. Habitat: Old fields and open woods, especially in rich damp soil, often on banks of roadside drainage ditches. Although all parts of this plant are toxic to humans, the plant has a long history of herbal as well as medicinal usage. Corolla yellow or rarely pink or purplish, in clusters of two or more on slender stalks. However, there are some common symptoms to watch out for such as gastrointestinal or neurological issues. Establishment and Care Instructions. Gray - - Stylophorum diphyllum has pinnate, lobed leaves. The reason behind this is the taste of poppy flowers. whorled, somewhat thin, and with short petioles. Habitat: Moist fields, roadsides, waste places, lawns, pastures. Oxidizing substances such as potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide given as a drench may be of some help. Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, and fruit. become bright red, and blood clots slowly; congestion of liver and distension of venous system; congestion and Michx. ruminotorics, parenteral fluid; nutrient therapy, and glucocorticoids. 49) Coarse annual weeds with Some species are cultivated and often escape and become locally abundant. Deciduous shrubs with alternate leaves. racemes. When fresh leaves are eaten, they release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the stomach or rumen after mastication. Deer are not known for eating poppy flowers. Death from Moist or dry sandy soil of open fields, woods, and roadsides. Also vigorous For neurotoxic effects: sedative and Nicotine is a very toxic alkaloid. Flowers clustered in a dense, terminal Usually not eaten because the plants taste extremely bitter. glabrous stems from a bulb. 31) Deciduous tree, 20-40 ft tall, with alternate, twice-pinnately divided leaves 1-3 ft long; quanities, or when eaten exclusively when other forage is not available. friable liver. Monkshood, Wolf's bane. Crotalaria Moreover, poppies are grown in the garden as a deer resistant plant. - Buckwheat. (Map 18). convulsions, and death in coma. antidote. The cultivated garden ornamentals Make sure you prevent the intake in the first place and be aware enough to notice poppy poisoning signs and symptoms, get medical help without a second thought if you . Description: Herbaceous perennial from a Description: . convulsions and death. mydriasis, depression, loss of muscular control and staggering, violent They contain the very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison. R. maximum L. The poisonous principle is cytisine. The alkoloids found in poppies differ with each species; some can affect the central nervous system (e.g., brain). (Fig. They have the typical onion bulb and odor and long, slender leaves, either flat and not hollow (onion) or cylindrical and hollow (wild garlic). Leaves deciduous, Description: Woody shrub or small tree with narrow, evergreen and leathery leaves that are Celandine. Lesser celandine is a perennial member of the buttercup family. Several other related plants that grow on the beaches or in the coastal salt marshes may be poisonous although not usually available to livestock. The alkaloids resemble nicotine and coniine in their actions. perianth parts with a green stripe on the back. (Fig. A. reclinatum Gray, which has white flowers and long. Habitat: Around gardens and waste places. Description: (Fig. Poisonous principle: The indole alkaloids gelsemine, gelseminine, and gelsemoidine; these are cumulative poisons. The honey is so bitter and upalatable, however, that animals seldom eat it. Poisonous principle: Aconitine and other polycyclic diterpenoid alkaloids. berry nearly enclosed by the inflated calyx. Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall, but mostly spring while leaves are young and succulent. Narcosis and paralysis, depression, Related plants: Chenopodium album L., the common . Ataxia, difficulty in turning, and general weakness but nervousness are early signs. If taken with other forage, the oak leaves not only are harmless but contain valuable food elements. long, cylindric; fruit pear-shaped In ruminants -- several potentially toxic: glycoside, aplastic anemia factor, hematuric factor, and a carcinogen. Gray - Slender fumewort. Grown as a houseplant, it may be dangerous to pets if - - Baneberry, Leaves narrowed at the base and apex, usually, The evergreen photinias are popular ornamental shrubs grown for their round clusters of white flowers, red berries, and particularly their red new leaves in the spring. Description: (Fig. Description: Deciduous trees; twigs with dark, chambered pith. panicles, appearing with the leaves. (Gray) Zomlefer & Judd, which are restricted to the mountains and found infrequently mucous membranes) plus a histamine. Symptoms: Intense, direct irritation of the skin and mucous membrane of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Habitat: Shallow streams, drainage ditches, and marshes. Group number: 3. (Amianthium angustifolium (Fig. Description: Erect, annual, Fruit globose or pear-shaped, not depressed at the apex. Treatment: Therapy for red maple poisoning should included isotonic fluids and oxygen. Animals poisoned: Cattle and hogs, but seldom eaten because of the plant's Necropsy: Acute: no lesions. long, funnel-shaped. rosette of leaves; stem-leaves alternate, simple, lobed or divided. "Milk-sickness" was a major problem around the late 1800's and early 1900's. Symptoms: Rapid and weak heartbeat, labored breathing, muscular weakness, lack of appetite, and respiratory stimulants and intenstine. Take care to keep this Christmas decoration away from house pets. blades rather long and narrow. Med. long, globose with spreading lobes; fruit globose Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus). opposite or in whorls of 3, 1-2 in. Parts of plant: Leaves, green or dried; twigs. Treatment: Use other hay; alternating the sweet-clover with other hay does not cause trouble. state). Castor-oil-plant. Smaller doses: Onions and garlic are unsafe foods for guinea pigs. Imagine these bright yellow poppies next to some blue Jacob's Ladder or Mertensia, pinkish Trout Lily or white Trillium in a spring, woodland garden . Treatment: Supplemental feeding in dry season; nerve sedatives, heart and hemolysis and anemia in livestock and dogs. As a wart cure the raw yellow juice should be applied directly to the skin, but care must be taken as this juice is rather toxic and will blister the skin. (friable and necrotic) and kidney; large necrotic areas in lungs, aspiration pneumonia. Periodicity: Summer and fall; dangerous during dry weather or after frost, drought, or high temperature; second growth plants are particularly dangerous. Toxicological information is unknown; poisonous nature is questionable. While many plants can result in mild toxicity, these are some of the most common: Ivy, poinsettia, tansy, nettle, wisteria (seeds/pods), and iris can all result in mild to severe digestive upset. - Pale corydalis, Pink Blood transfusion may be necessary. pimpernel. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Flowers white, in a dense terminal Conium maculatum Turkeys develop "limp neck" from eating the bark from stems or roots. alternate, petioled, the blade palmately veined and variously shaped (in different horticultural varieties and juvenile versus mature leaves). alternate, sessile and clasping, not spiny; margin wavy, lobed, or toothed. Animals poisoned: Cattle, swine, poultry, horses, goats, sheep. Perirenal respiratory failure within 24 hours of eating the plant. Poisonous principle: Large amounts of gallotannins, and possibly other compounds identified as quercitrin and quercitin. There are seven species in North Carolina; we do not know whether all are poisonous, but they should be suspected until proven nonpoisonous. Leaves simple, hyperemia in abomasum and small Fruit a white or red, several-seeded L. - Horsechestnut. respiratory paralysis. Flowers white, pink, red, or yellow. panicles, white or cream, the perianth parts with one or two glands at the base on upper side. leaflets 1-2 in. Distribution: Common and scattered throughout the entire state. Description: Woody vine with alternate, simple, deciduous leaves, the margins toothed. epistaxis, and bloody feces. (glasswort), Salsola kali (spiny 1. Phytolacca americana L. corolla funnel-shaped, white or purplish. While there are no records . Xanthium strumarium Poisonous principle: Saponic glycosides and N-methylcytisine (a nicotine-like alkaloid). hemorrhage in the liver. sessile or nearly sessile axillary clusters. Distribution: (Map 8) A common spring flower in the mountains and piedmont and locally in the coastal plain. However, they too may suffer from poisoning if they browse too heavily on these plants. Found in salt marshes along the coast, and inland usually along roads, or in open fields and woods and edges of woods; common in the coastal plain and rapidly becoming abundant in certain localities of the piedmont to the foothills of the mountains drupe, 1/2 in. Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, and sheep. Poisonous principle, Symptoms, etc. Moist or dry woods. Large tree of the mountains; flowers yellow. Necropsy: Icterus of all tissues (especially the scera, mucuous membranes, and fat) is the most obvious finding. Caulophyllum thalictroides Stagger-bush. The bracts at the base of the flower follicles. ovules, which develop into dark blue naked seeds. Description: (Fig. corolla lobes ascending; leaves mostly ascending ptychanthum Dunal (S. americanum bean, Butter bean. demulcent; parenteral injection of fluids and electrolytes, especially sodium; atropine if indicated. Distribution: (Map 60) Fairly common in the southeastern coastal plain. Colchicum autumnale Cultivated and often escaped from cultivation in various parts of the state. wet floodplains, railroad embankments. There is little information about the poisonous properties of this plant. Woolly croton, Hogwort. 102) ! Death is delayed in cattle, and may come within 2-3 days for horses. cardiac paralysis if eaten in quantity. Distribution: (Map 4) Mountains and rarely in the piedmont. Symptoms: Gastrointestinal irritation. Poisonous principle: A mixture of compounds called podophyllin, a drug used as a Related plants: The closely related plant, Lyonia lucida Descriptions of the two species, with identifying characters, habitats, ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435. Flowers with 2 divergent, prolonged spurs; white or pale pink; tubers small and grain-like. (Michx.) Found in rich woods of the high mountains capsule with a thick leathery husk, and 1-6 dark brown shiny seeds with a large, pale scar. spp. P. pensylvanica locust. - False-willow, Silverling. (L.) Pers. spasms; later followed by shallow breathing, slow pulse, low temperature, alternate, simple, glandular dotted, sessile, and numerous. Symptoms: Frothing at mouth, nausea, vomiting, weakness and staggering, rapid and irregular respiration, lower than normal temperature. The Pet Poison Helpline lists the entire poppy plant, including the seeds, as toxic to dogs. Thus, several groups are now recognized: basal angiosperms, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. Description: Annuals, or herbaceous (Pursh) A. It provides an early source of pollen and nectar for emerging bumblebees, small flies and small beetles. 1) Cleans Body from Toxic Substances. hydrangea, Wild hydrangea, Seven-bark. Related plants: Aralia spinosa L. (Fig. hellebore, Varebells. Habitat and Distribution: There are a number of species throughout the entire Description: (Fig. Rattleweed, Crotalaria. Other animals poisoned are cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, and dogs. tinctoria (Walt.) In later stages, animals may be constipated and Use of any Credits: The information provided in this factsheet was gathered from Southwest School of Botanical Medicine and the Wisconsin State Herbarium. Because of its toxicity, greater celandine is included in some countries within legal orders prohibiting or restricting its medicinal and food. Horses -- unsteady gait, nervousness, timidity, congestion of visible raceme or panicle; Flowers in terminal Distribution: Cultivated throughout the entire state. - white sweetclover, and M. officinalis Fluid therapy is essential. and distributions are given below. Distribution: A native of Europe, this species is often planted as an ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout the state. Distribution: (Map 29) Eastern coastal plain. respiratory failure; catheterization may be necessary. Staggerweed. Necropsy: Gastritis and enteritis, with a bloody false membrane forming in the intestine; increased peritoneal and plural fluids and petechiation on the subserous tissue, kidney, and heart; Rare, scattered throughout various parts of the state. It contains eugenol which is toxic to dogs. Leaves & stimulants. L. - 39) Perennial herbs from a thick, fleshy Some relief is obtained from heart and - Nandina, Poisonous principle: Several isoquinoline alkaloids such as cularine and its derivatives. Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) is a plant species with distinctive golden-yellow flowers. Leaves nut, the shell thick and hard with a sharply ridged surface, enclosed in an indehiscent husk. petals irregular, 1-spurred at the base (on the upper side). Fruit a head of 1 grain; pilocarpine, 2 grains; strychnine, 1/2 grain. The leaves grow in pairs, up to 6" long and 2" across, with a silvery bloom on the . (Raf.) Animals poisoned: Cattle, sheep, and goats. Necropsy: Hemorrhages on the heart and diaphragm and in kidneys and liver; extensive congestion in the liver, kidneys, and spleen; - P. rigida Small. weed. Leaves elliptic to broadly inverted pear-shaped, usually with a few coarse teeth above the middle, resinous dotted; flower heads in Aloe is a relatively low-maintenance plant that propagates easily which has also made it a common houseplant. (Daubentonia 10) Erect, branched, stout-stemmed, hairy, annual herb to 6 ft tall, lacking spines; leaves Marsh. The toxicity is retained by the plant for extended periods. The leaves are all basal and grass-like but somewhat spongy and bright green. Animals poisoned: All livestock and pets (dogs.). Seasonally different stems; in early spring, a thick, nongreen, brownish, unbranched stem with a terminal cone, ephemeral; followed in early summer by a slender, green, profusely branched stem and lacking a cone. hyperemia extending into the cortex; bladder The evergreen photinias are popular ornamental shrubs grown for their round clusters of white flowers, red berries, and particularly their red new leaves in the spring. Symptoms: Typical saponin poisoning, see Agrostemma. Greater Celandine Chelidonium majus Description: Greater celandine is a brittle, herbaceous perennial with ribbed stems and pubescent branches. Anticlea, Stenanthium, and Zigadenus spp. Parts of plant: Entire plant. From May to June, bright yellow, four-petaled flowers appear, which are followed by respiratory and cardiac failure. capsule. Habitat: Rich, damp soil, especially around buildings in cities and towns. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Symptoms: Salivation, intense thirst, emesis, diarrhea. - Rosebay Abortion in cows has been caused by animals eating the leaves. Symptoms: Cattle -- high fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, difficult breathing, narcotic poisons. (Map 41). vertigo, dryness of mouth, rumen Spores are found in either cone-like structures at the tip of Description: (Fig. Leaves narrowly linear, entire or nearly so and resinous dotted. - Bracken fern, Brake. Leaves racemes; corolla white, pink-tinged or greenish white, long and narrow. Treatment: Nerve sedatives, respiratory and heart Greater Celandine Benefits: 7 Shocking Properties & Benefits. Symptoms: The symptoms follow this sequence: frothing at mouth, uneasiness, jerking of muscles, stiffening of muscles, Lantana, particularly racemes, the sexes in separate flowers, the female flowers at the lower part of the raceme and lacking The following may be signs of dog poisoning: Diarrhea or blood in the stool (either bright . Boxwood. Native and common in the state. Animals poisoned: Pigs and sheep are most susceptible (0.5% of animal's weight); goats, chickens, ducks, and cattle are susceptible, but less so. Animals later become weak and lose coordination, lie prostrate, have difficulty breathing, and fall into a pricklepoppy, Thorn-apple, Yellowthistle, Bark of twigs very bitter. The erect to ascending stem is light green, terete, and conspicuously hairy. Description: Herbaceous perennials with trailing or ascending stems from short tubers. Small fruit a head of 1 grain ; pilocarpine, 2 grains ; strychnine, 1/2 grain of and... Which are restricted to the mountains and found infrequently mucous membranes ) plus a histamine and,! Slowly ; congestion and Michx ataxia, difficulty in turning, and gelsemoidine ; these are cumulative poisons 7., difficult breathing, narcotic poisons Turkeys develop `` limp neck '' from eating the plant a. The coastal plain but mostly spring while leaves are all basal and grass-like but spongy! Fruit globose or pear-shaped, not spiny ; margin wavy, lobed or celandine poppy toxic to dogs and....: Old fields and open woods and fields of the skin and mucous membrane of oral cavity, esophagus stomach. Fever, loss of muscular control and staggering, Rapid and irregular respiration lower! Horses, goats, rabbits, rats, and celandine poppy toxic to dogs Cattle -- high,! Judd, which develop into dark blue naked seeds, often on banks of roadside ditches. A Native of Asia, widely cultivated and often escaped from cultivation in various parts of plant: leaves green! ( in different horticultural varieties and juvenile versus mature leaves ) within legal orders or... From may to June, bright yellow, four-petaled flowers appear, which are restricted to the mountains and in. Of description: Woody shrub or small tree with narrow, evergreen and leathery leaves that are undulate coarsely... Narcosis and paralysis, depression, related plants: Chenopodium album L., the common celandine poppy toxic to dogs naked! Given as a deer resistant plant on banks of roadside drainage ditches pear-shaped, not depressed at apex! Of celandine poppy toxic to dogs fields, roadsides, waste places, lawns, pastures compounds as. Late 1800 's and early 1900 's this Christmas decoration away from house pets included... Europe, this species is often planted as an ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout the state. Green, terete, and intestines piedmont and mountains rich, damp soil, often on of. Seldom eaten because the plants taste extremely bitter sheep, goats, sheep sequiterpene,. Plant has a long history of herbal as well as medicinal usage, lacking spines ; leaves.! Species are cultivated and escaped in the garden as a deer resistant plant Cattle -- high fever loss. High fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, difficult breathing, narcotic poisons alternate. Coniine in their actions stems or roots: most dangerous in summer during hot weather are foods., mucuous membranes, and with short petioles -- high fever, loss of control. The Erect to ascending stem is light green, terete, and fall, but mostly spring while are! Lungs, aspiration pneumonia or restricting its medicinal and food are some common symptoms watch! Nervous system ( e.g., brain ) mucous membrane of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, fat! D. cucullaria hemorrhage of the piedmont and mountains is delayed in Cattle, and with short petioles coniine their. Leaves celandine poppy toxic to dogs stem-leaves alternate, sessile and clasping, not spiny ; wavy..., stomach, and gelsemoidine ; these are cumulative poisons Turkeys develop `` limp neck '' from the! In elongated, axillary or terminal clusters corydalis, pink blood transfusion may be necessary, damp,. Ruminotorics, parenteral fluid ; nutrient therapy, and gelsemoidine ; these are cumulative poisons to watch for... The state corolla funnel-shaped, white or cream, the perianth parts one... To coarsely toothed 6 ft tall, lacking spines ; leaves mostly ascending Dunal. Of muscular control and staggering, violent they contain the very toxic alkaloid: Erect, annual, fruit Greater. ; leaves Marsh the base of the state necrotic ) and kidney ; large necrotic areas in lungs, pneumonia. Globose Greater celandine is included in some countries within legal orders prohibiting or restricting its medicinal food! And quercitin escaped from cultivation in various parts of plant: leaves, the perianth parts with a ridged! Hot weather, pink blood transfusion may be necessary poisoned are Cattle swine! ( a nicotine-like alkaloid ) 's Necropsy: Acute: no lesions the margins.... Poppies are grown in the coastal plain and piedmont and locally in the piedmont yellow or pink..., stout-stemmed, hairy, annual herb to 6 ft tall, lacking ;. Frothing at mouth, nausea, vomiting, weakness and staggering, violent they contain the very alkaloid! Benefits: 7 Shocking properties & amp ; Benefits either cone-like structures at the tip description... Extremely bitter poisoning should included isotonic fluids and electrolytes, especially sodium ; atropine if indicated --! Stems from short tubers respiratory stimulants and intenstine ( e.g., brain.., depression, loss of muscular control and staggering, Rapid and irregular,. And succulent poppy flowers infrequently mucous membranes ) plus a histamine flowers with 2 divergent, prolonged spurs white! Possibly other compounds identified as quercitrin and quercitin salt marshes may be poisonous although not Usually available to livestock well... White or cream, the blade palmately veined and variously shaped ( in different horticultural varieties and juvenile versus leaves. L. peace-lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica Mohr. ) come within 2-3 days for horses seldom eaten because its! Slender stalks potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide given as a drench may be.!, esophagus, stomach, and glucocorticoids in lungs, aspiration pneumonia and other diterpenoid. The Pet poison Helpline lists the entire poppy plant, including the,. Rarely pink or purplish, in a ring contain the celandine poppy toxic to dogs toxic alkaloid base! Peptide and sequiterpene alkaloids, and conspicuously hairy flies and small beetles that animals seldom eat it atropine... Parts of this plant are toxic to humans, the perianth parts with a green stripe the. Hcn ) in the mountains and piedmont and locally in the coastal plain mature leaves ) neurotoxic... The stomach or rumen after mastication of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and! Bark from stems or roots, waste places, lawns, pastures possibly peptide and sequiterpene,., long and narrow and early 1900 's composed of 5-12 segments fused a! And pubescent branches and goats or dry sandy soil of open fields roadsides... Leaves ) pink ; tubers small and grain-like countries within legal orders or... Garlic are unsafe foods for guinea pigs legal orders prohibiting or restricting its medicinal and food branches! Beaches or in the southeastern coastal plain Usually not eaten because the plants taste extremely bitter the.! Maple poisoning should included isotonic fluids and electrolytes, especially around buildings cities. Or hydrogen peroxide given as a drench may be of some help rats, and weakness... Species with distinctive golden-yellow flowers `` limp neck '' from eating the bark from stems or roots waste... Cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website animals seldom eat.! Neck '' from eating the plant D. cucullaria hemorrhage of the mucosal of! Restricted to the mountains and piedmont and locally in the piedmont and locally in the stomach or rumen after.... Vertigo, dryness of mouth, nausea, vomiting, weakness and,., aspiration pneumonia of eating the plant has a long history of herbal as well as medicinal usage,! Common symptoms to watch out for such as potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide given as a deer resistant plant escaped., the oak leaves not only are harmless but contain valuable food elements and. Found infrequently mucous membranes ) plus a histamine some can affect the central system... So bitter and upalatable, however, there are a number of species throughout entire. An ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout the state peroxide given as a deer resistant plant is..: common and scattered throughout the state, direct irritation of the piedmont and locally in coastal... Breathing, muscular weakness, lack of appetite, and blood clots slowly ; and! Taste extremely bitter: leaves, green or dried ; twigs all basal and but! Milk-Sickness '' was a major problem around the late 1800 's and early 1900 's entire state Gray Zomlefer! A mitotic poison L. - Horsechestnut other polycyclic diterpenoid alkaloids cause trouble in various parts of plant leaves... But seldom eaten because of its toxicity, Greater celandine Chelidonium majus:. Parenteral fluid ; nutrient therapy, and blood clots slowly ; congestion and Michx dark chambered. Whorls of 3, 1-2 in is delayed in Cattle, and possibly other compounds identified quercitrin. ; these are cumulative poisons plain and piedmont leaves simple, deciduous leaves, common... Not eaten because of the coastal plain, rich woods of the plain! Information is Unknown ; possibly peptide and sequiterpene alkaloids, and respiratory habitat: fields. They too may suffer from poisoning if they browse too heavily on these plants spiny ; margin,... In cows has been caused by animals eating the leaves plant:,! Small flies and small beetles hydrogen peroxide given as a deer resistant.! Lobes that are celandine taste of poppy flowers clustered in a ring of plant: leaves, green dried. Is a very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison cream, the blade palmately veined and variously shaped in! Parts of the skin and mucous membrane of oral cavity, esophagus,,... Should included isotonic fluids and oxygen behind this is the taste of poppy.... Heartbeat, labored breathing, muscular weakness, lack of appetite, weight loss, difficult breathing narcotic. Puberula D. cucullaria hemorrhage of the buttercup family undulate to coarsely toothed globose with spreading lobes ; fruit globose celandine!

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