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The contractor argued that all of the employees were off limits under New Yorks no-contact rule, DR 7-104(A)(1), and could be interviewed only with the consent of the contractor s counsel (or in a deposition) because the contractor was represented by counsel. fH\A&K,H` 1"EY
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Toretto Dec. at 4 (DE 139-1). Karen is a member of Thompson Hines business litigation group. Depending on the claims, there can be a personal liability. When interviewing unrepresented former employees, plaintiffs counsel must also comply with the requirements of Rule 4.3, which requires that plaintiffs lawyer make clear to the former Gradco employees the nature of the lawyers role in this case, including the identity of the plaintiff and the fact that Gradco is an adverse party., If lawyers violate these rules, the court could order the discontinuation of such interviews. And if any ex parte statements made by defendants former employees impute liability to the defendants, defendants may be able to argue persuasively that such evidence is inadmissible.. . Alternatively, you may be served with a subpoena to testify at a deposition, in which case you cannot ignore the subpoena without subjecting yourself to possible contempt of court charges. Employers will proceed with joint representation when it makes financial sense. It therefore may be worth deposing the former employee as the deposition can be used as trial testimony if the witness is unavailable. Providing for two lawyers (for both the employee and employer) doubles the cost. All reviewers are verified as attorneys through Martindale-Hubbells extensive attorney database. Zarrella, however, did not then object or suggest that such representation was in any way improper to either Pacific Life's counsel or this Court; rather, it proceeded to depose Bishop. The employer paid the employee to render the work and now owns it. While the plaintiffs contended that unless the lawyers were working without any compensation from anyone, the representation is for pecuniary gain, the court disagreed. They might also be uncooperative at least at first. So, my questions are: 1) Can they attach me to the suit personally, even though I was acting on behalf of the firm when we terminated the contract? Caution, however, should be exercised if the non-lawyer is a potential witness him- or herself. [2]. R. Civ. Is there any possibility that the former employee may become a party? For ease of use, these analyses and citations use the generic term "legal ethics opinion" Access informative, hands-on articles from the premiere publication for in-house counsel, by in-house counsel. New York Legal Ethics Reporter provides this article with the understanding that neither New York Legal Ethics Reporter LLC, nor Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz, nor Hofstra University, nor their representatives, nor any of the authors are engaged herein in rendering legal advice. Only attorneys practicing at least three years and receiving a sufficient number of reviews from non-affiliated attorneys are eligible to receive a Rating. 1999), the court concluded that pre-deposition communications about "the underlying facts of the case" between a former, unrepresented employee and his former employer's counsel would be deemed privileged. Taking A's deposition and cross-examining A at the trial raises the very same issues. Distinguished: An excellent rating for a lawyer with some experience. 1115, 1122 (D. Md. After all, the privilege does not belong to, and is not for the benefit of, the former employees Thus, efforts to induce or listen to privileged communications may violate Rule 4.4 which requires respect for the rights of third persons., 2. endstream
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Weve pointed out before (here and here) that being admitted pro hac vice requires you to be alert for potential issues that might have an impact on your ability to practice away from home. However, the council for my former firm advised me that they are not representing me, and are representing the firm. Only the Latter in the Sixth Circuit, Spoliation Intent for purposes of Rule 37(e)(2) Is Satisfied If It Is Reasonable to Infer That the Alleged Spoliator Purposefully destroyed evidence to Avoid Its Litigation Obligations, Sixth Circuit Joins Seventh in Holding That The Inherent Power Sanctions May Be Imposed on Third-Party Non-Lawyer (Here, Ex-Lawyer) Engaged in The Unauthorized Practice of Law. Consistent with ethical obligations, consider whether outside litigation counsel should place reasonable limitations on the scope of representation of corporate employees. The former employee may feel most comfortable with someone she previously worked with or otherwise knows. For more information on Martindale-Hubbell Peer Review Ratings, please visit our Ratings Page on Martindale.com and our Frequently Asked Questions. Preparing CRCP 30(b)(6) Deposition . That deposition notice must set forth the areas of inquiry with enough specificity so the other party can reasonably designate and prepare the appropriate person (s) to testify. Consult your attorney for legal advice. In that capacity, Redmond had prepared and signed BSUs response to the plaintiffs EEOC complaint, and had been extensively exposed to communications between the university and its outside counsel. Karen also is an adjunct professor at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, teaching legal ethics. Under the ABA opinion and Niesig, therefore, the no-contact rule did not restrict a lawyers right to interview an adversarys former employees. listings on the site are paid attorney advertisements. In instances where information simply cannot be obtained by any reasonable source, a corporation, like an individual deponent . Supplemental Terms. Keep in mind that relevant individuals go beyond just the one or two "key players," and that a business person may have a different perspective as to who is "key" than counsel. Prior to that time, there is no assurance that information you send us will be maintained as confidential. Non-lawyers should be counseled to refrain from talking about the substance of the dispute and simply ask the former employee to get in touch with the Company's counsel. GlobalCounsel Across Five Continents. While employed as a manager in my former firm, we terminated the contract of a contractor (not a full time employee or directly hired by the firm) for valid cause (not working in assigned location). The court said: Any question concerning the appropriateness of the adversarys decision to proceed with ex parte contact with specific former employees can be resolved by determining whether any information gathered by the opponent actually intrudes upon privileged matters. Improper selection and preparation of a corporate 30 (b) (6) witness can result in adverse reactions and a severe negative impact on your case. For society, adopting criminal Cumis counsel has many practical benefits. When considering a motion to disqualify outside litigation counsel from representation of a current or former employee, courts generally distinguish between employees whose acts or omissions are binding on the corporation (control group employees) and lower level employees (non-control group employees). The Merrill court then held that a former employee, such as the former police officer, is not in a position to bind his or her former employer. The short answer is "yes," but with several caveats. Moreover, former employees are often "former" for a reason. Communications between the Company and its former employees may not be protected by the attorney-client privilege (see point 5). This could be accomplished by simply interviewing the former employees with firsthand knowledge and relaying that information in the deposition. Although the district courtIndeed, if a witness who is approached for an allowed the law firm to represent the formerinterview tells the investigating agent that he is employees along with Occidental, it enjoined therepresented by an attorney (even one who happens to firm from mailing the proposed notices to the formeralso be X's attorney), the The plaintiffs argued that the Ohio lawyers' PHV admission to represent defendant meant just that, and did not include representing non-party witnesses. . This rating indicates the attorney is widely respected by their peers for high professional achievement and ethical standards. Atty. Seems that the risks outweigh the rewards. It is hard to imagine an opinion that gives less advance guidance to a litigator. The employee needs to be cautioned that, as a general principle, the work done by the employee for the employer belongs to the employer. Key former officers, directors and employees may not be locatable or even alive. Bishop and Miller elected to have Pacific Life provide counsel for their depositions, and Schafer indicated that he wished to retain his own independent counsel, and he did so.***. Or they simply may not care what happens to the Company. But, relying heavily on a preliminary draft of the Restatement of the Law Governing Lawyers, the court decided to expand the no-contact rule to cover a person whom the lawyer knows to have been extensively exposed to relevant trade secrets, confidential client information, or similar confidential information of another party interested in the matter. The court explained its reasoning as follows: Where the risk of breaching protected areas is great, prophylactic provision must be made for monitoring. hT0ESfK6+
@BJlRiWG{s!zp(blu)_m;U-m>".76^9-'`@* MZAK;?yOgXXwZ_oJ prior to the 2004 reorganization and therefore refer to the former CDA sections. Under Federal Rule 30(b)(6) and comparable state rules, preparing for a corporate deposition may seem like a simple, straightforward task and business as usual for defense counsel. Aug. 7, 2013). 2) Do I have to give a deposition, when the case details are not fresh to me? Provide dates and as much concrete guidance on the litigation as possible. For the deposition of an employee, limited representation may include meeting with the employee in advance and evaluating and advising the employee whether their potential testimony could result in criminal or civil liability. at 7. [See, e.g., Amarin Plastics, Inc. v. Maryland Cup Corp., 116 F.R.D. Former employees whose exposure has been less than extensive would still be available for ex parte interviews. May you talk to them informally without the knowledge or consent of the adversarys counsel? Proc. The New York Court of Appeals addressed communications with former employees in dicta in Niesig v. Team I [76 N.Y.2d 363 (1990)], a landmark opinion written by Judge Kaye just two years before she became Chief Judge. Zarrella does not dispute that its counsel knew "well in advance" of Bishop's April 14, 2011 deposition that Pacific Life intended to represent Bishop at his deposition. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. In other words, it is not enough for the employee to have engaged in illegal conduct--all lawsuits involve allegedly illegal conduct--, the employee must have known that his or her conduct was illegal at the time. Opposing counsel wants to depose the company's "person most knowledgeable" regarding the negotiation of the contract. You represent a company embroiled in a dispute over a contract that was entered into 15 years ago. 32 Most courts that have considered Peralta have found its reasoning persuasive. You would need to provide an attorney with all your information and documents to fully respond to your questions and concerns. Most importantly, under Model Rule 3.4(b), Company counsel cannot "offer an inducement to a witness that is prohibited by law." employees, so it is possible that your former employee has already spoken with the plaintiff's counsel. Va. 1998)]. In the Felix case, Judge Hellerstein disqualified the attorney and his firm from representing the company with respect to discrimination claims by two other Saks perfume counter employees. The key is whether a former employee was (or is) a member of the litigation control group. New Jerseys Rule 4.2 defines that group as follows: Members of the litigation control group shall be deemed to include current agents and employees responsible for, or significantly involved in, the determination of the organizations legal position in the matter whether or not in litigation, provided, however, that significant involvement requires involvement greater, and other than, the supplying of factual information or data respecting the matter. People who submit reviews are either individuals who consulted with the lawyer/law firm or who hired the lawyer/law firm and want to share their experience of that lawyer or law firm with other potential clients. For a more thorough discussion, see Annotation, Right of Attorney to Conduct Ex Parte Interviews with Former Corporate Employees, 57 A.L.R.5th 633 (1998). Thus, counsel should familiarize herself with the law in the relevant jurisdiction. Moreover, O'Sullivan made his decision as to Pacific Life's counsel's representation only after he obtained the advice of an independent attorney. The question is whether you are being directly adverse to a current client (A) in violation of Model Rule 1.7(a)(1). Retaining counsel for the former employee also enables the Company's counsel to discuss the case with the former employee's counsel without risking disclosing privileged information to a testifying witness. The defense attorney should employ good sleuthing skills, including perhaps employing a private investigator, to identify, interview and potentially defend former employees at deposition and to develop . Thus, lawyers litigating in Maryland courts will face considerable uncertainty regarding the scope of permitted communications with an adversarys former employees. Lawyers from our extensive network are ready to answer your question. Later, they phoned a number of the defendants former employees and offered to represent them at their depositions, after they were subpoenaed to appear as non-party witnesses. Property management companies should work with the attorneys representing the HOA to prepare one or more witnesses to speak on the designated topics. Clients rank us among the top firms in the United States for client service year after year, and we are proud of the accolades we have earned in recognition of our capabilities and leadership. The Ohio lawyers eventually represented eight former employees at depositions. The testimony elicited at the Rule 30(b)(6) deposition represents the knowledge of the corporation, not of the individual deponents. [See, H.B.A. The deposition may also take place at the court reporter's office if it's more convenient to the parties. 5. New York's Rule 3.4(b)(1) explicitly details the kind of compensation permitted for fact witnesses: "reasonable compensation to a witness for the loss of time in attending, testifying, preparing to testify or otherwise assisting counsel, and reasonable related expenses." In fact, Plaintiffs counsel in this case has informed the court that it seeks to speak to each of these former employees because Plaintiffs believe that they can impute liability upon Medshares through the statements, actions or omissions of these former employees. In their applications for pro hac vice admission, the Ohio lawyers identified the defendant as the party they represented. See CCP 2025.420 (b) (12) (any party, deponent, or other affected person or organization may move for protective order to exclude designated personsother than the parties to the action and their officers and counsel . This practice, however, is governed by ethical rules (and opinions and case law) that must be considered in advance. California's Rule 5-310 limits the reasonable compensation for expenses and lost time relating to "attending or testifying," although this has also been interpreted to include time spent preparing counsel. If the interests of the former employee and the Company are sufficiently aligned, the Company's own outside counsel can also represent the former employee through a separately executed engagement letter. If you do get sued, then the former firm's counsel will probably represent you. Mai 2022 . This site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Pa. 1993)], plaintiffs attorneys had questioned two of defendants former high-level employees about the litigation. Fla. 1992); Porter v. Arco Metals Co., 642 F.Supp. 569 (W.D. Importantly, if an employee is no longer with the company, the usual prohibition of opposing counsel contacting a party's employee may not apply. more likely to be able to represent the corporation well. Former employees who are not represented by counsel automatically fall under the protection of the rule regarding communications with an unrepresented person. Good internal communication is critical to identify departing employees that may be relevant to litigation because they have special knowledge (e.g., a key negotiator) or were in portions of the business subject to litigation. hZn7@_ @6@5[huy5Xh4HQEz
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::Bj. . These and other questions vary with circumstances and the risk/benefit analysis must ultimately be left to the judgment of the lawyer. Zarrella argues that by offering to represent (and by so representing) Pacific Life's former (high-level) employees at their depositions, Pacific Life's counsel has violated Florida Rule of Professional Conduct Rule 4-7.4(a), which provides in pertinent part: (a) Solicitation. During the deposition, a court reporter takes notes of the proceeding. 3) Am I entitled to some type of renumeration if I have to give the deposition during work hours? Only after consulting with his company's in-house counsel did O'Sullivan choose to have attorney Arana represent him at his deposition. Defense counsel did not act beyond the scope of their pro hac vice admission by contacting some of their clients former employees and offering to represent them at their depositions, said a California district court last week, turning back plaintiffs motion to disqualify the Ohio lawyers. In many cases, it makes sense for the Company to offer to provide the former employee counsel. The charges involve allegations by two former residents of the YDC. For example, a current or former employee could be: A participant in the adverse action taken against your cli- ent (e.g., termination, demotion, decrease in pay, or hos-tile work environment) A witness to the adverse action or the emotional distress caused by the adverse action -or- Courts understand. The court refused. The following are Section 207's main restrictions: Lifetime Ban - An employee is prohibited from . Enter the password that accompanies your username. The content of the responses is entirely from reviewers. No one wants to be drawn into litigation. Factors to consider when deciding whether to include a cooperation provision include whether the employee is departing on good terms, whether the departing employee is likely to have knowledge relevant to pending or reasonably foreseeable litigation, and whether there are other employees that would be able to testify or provide information if the departing employee is unavailable. In Dillon Companies, Inc. v. The SICO Company [1993 WL 492746 (E.D. Bar Debates Liberalizing Multijurisdictional Practice Courts Propose Mandatory Engagement Letters , Need help? City Employee will be a witness. Additionally, Zarrella does not dispute that it knew approximately two weeks before Miller's June 1, 2011 deposition that Pacific Life intended to represent Miller at his deposition. Although it may seem routine, there are certain strategic issues to address before agreeing to represent a former employee for purposes of deposition. Here youll find timely updates on legal ethics, the law of lawyering, risk management and legal malpractice, running your legal business and more. If the Company's counsel cannot represent the former employee, the Company may be able to offer to pay for outside representation; outside counsel would need to obtain the former employee's informed consent, ensure no interference with the lawyer's independence and keep the client's confidentiality. When a corporation enters into a joint defense arrangement with a current or former employee, outside litigation counsel is obligated under the ethical rules to share confidential information between both clients to the extent such information is material to either clients representation. The American Bar Association Formal Opinion 91-359, entitled "Contact With Former Employee Of Adverse Corporate Party," states that the "prohibition of Rule 4.2 with respect to contacts by a lawyer with employees of an opposing corporate party does not extend to former employees of that party." 8 The opinion goes on to state: Give the deposition. Ethical rules prohibit lawyers from direct solicitation of clients under a variety of circumstances. In Ga, no legal penalty for refusing to appear at a deposition, unless you are served with a subpoena. Be sure to get from the employee future contact information, and direct HR to keep records of former employee contact information current after the employee has left to ensure you are able to quickly contact them if litigation arises. Once litigation is filed in another state, therefore, communications with your adversarys former employees will be governed by the ethics rules of that state, not by the ethics rules where you are admitted or by the ethics rules where the former employee lives or works or is interviewed. Note that any compensation for cooperation could be used to undermine the employee's credibility. 3. .the deponent shall designate and produce at the deposition those of its officers, directors, managing agents, employees, or agents who are most qualified to testify . A lawyer shall not enter into an agreement for, charge, or collect a fee for professional employment obtained in violation of this rule. If you have been served with a subpoena, you are compelled to testify in court. LEXIS 6198 (D. Conn. 1991)], an opinion written by Judge Jose Cabranes before he joined the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, the court explained what it means for attorneys to comport themselves ethically when interviewing an adversarys former employees: 1. In other words, should a court restrict or prohibit communicating with an adversarys former employees or sanction or disqualify lawyers who have already done so based on grounds other than the no-contact rule? You can be subpoenaed and paid the applicable subpoena fee and required to attend a deposition without compensation. 2005-2023 K&L Gates LLP. Finally, Part III offers practical recommendations for lawyers who may want to communicate with a client's former employees in confidence. How can the lawyer prove compliance with RPC 4.3? [See, e.g., Rentclub, Inc. v. Transamerica Rental Finance Corp., 811 F.Supp. But the plaintiff also refused to do consecutive days due to child custody issues for one of its attorneys, so the request and issues would require opposing counsel to make four . Defendant argued for a blanket rule that the no-contact rule prohibited communications with an adversarys former employees, and asked the court to preclude plaintiff from using at trial any statement, information or evidence, or the fruit thereof received as a result of the ex parte communications with defendants former employees. Assessing the likelihood of disclosure would depend upon weighing such factors as: the positions of the former employees in relation to the issues in the suit;, whether they were privy to communications between the former employer and its counsel concerning the subject matter of the litigation, or otherwise;, the nature of the inquiry by opposing counsel; and, how much time had elapsed between the end of the employment relationship and the questioning by opposing counsel.. Adopting criminal Cumis counsel offers the employee both enhanced conflict-free representation by counsel and greater protection of the individual employee's interests against co-defendants within joint defense agreements. But Arana recommended that O'Sullivan first obtain the advice of his current employer's in-house counsel before deciding whether he wished for Arana to represent him. Rule 30(b)(1) and Rule 30(b)(6) in-person depositions of Nancy Kalthoff, a former Teradata employee: The plaintiff wanted the depositions to be live and suggested that they could be done near her home in California. I left the firm approximately 6 months later (and almost 21 months ago) to pursue another opportunity with another firm. Although the court made no decision on . Va. 2008). Introduction. In 1996, New Jersey adopted a unique version of the no-contact rule (Rule 4.2) that expressly addresses communications with former employees. . Parties and their counsel have the right to attend a deposition and others may attend unless the court orders otherwise. Every good trial lawyer knows that the right witness can make or break your case. endobj 39 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[36CE18A8C1A8084D921A73E68A65DB61>]/Index[34 7]/Info 33 0 R/Length 36/Prev 11576765/Root 35 0 R/Size 41/Type/XRef/W[1 2 0 . She is a member of the Ohio Supreme Courts Commission on Professionalism, a former chair of the Certified Grievance Committee of the Cleveland Metropolitan Bar Association, and a member and past chair of the Ohio State Bar Associations Ethics Committee. The court recognized that most courts said the no-contact rule did not protect former employees, but noted that some courts had extended the rules protection to former confidential employees. The court resolved this split by concluding: In our view, a per se proscription against ex parte contact with former employees of an opposing party such as defendant asks us to adopt is not warranted by either the language of Rule 4.2 or by any court decision interpreting it. But information given to the former employee by the attorney, of which that employee did not have personal knowledge, would not be privileged. A deposition is a questionandanswer session between the attorneys to a lawsuit and a witness (the deponent) where the witness's answers are given under oath, taken down in writing by a court reporter and used by the attorneys to prepare for trial. * * * Footnote: 1 1 And always avoided by deposition. %PDF-1.6
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While having the right expert witnesses is critical, this article focuses on fact witnesses specifically, witnesses who are either current or former employees of your opponent. Based on these facts, it is clear that attorney Arana's representation of O'Sullivan was not obtained by any overreaching or undue influence. The plaintiffs lawyer asked the court for permission to interview all employees who had been on the job site when the accident happened. Employee Fired For Deposition Testimony. [See, e.g., Wright by Wright v. Group Health Hosp., 103 Wash.2d 192, 691 P.2d 564, 569 (1984); Niesig v. Team I, 76 N.Y.2d 363, 559 N.Y.S.2d 493, 558 N.E.2d 1030, 1032 (1990).] 36, 40 (D.Mass.1987); Chancellor v. Boeing Co., 678 F.Supp. As part of the review process, respondents must affirm that they have had an initial consultation, are currently a client or have been a client of the lawyer or law firm identified, although Martindale-Hubbell cannot confirm the lawyer/client relationship as it is often confidential. Mr. William L. Sanders (Unclaimed Profile). skelly151 : He can represent the witness only if an employee former or current of the defendant party or the witness has requested that he be his legal counsel during the deposition. L@ 'Ls m9.!/vA/|B
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Rating indicates the attorney is widely respected by their peers for high professional achievement and ethical.! Need help courts Propose Mandatory Engagement Letters, need help adversarys former employees at depositions ethical rules and! Details are not representing me, and are representing the HOA to prepare one more! Attend a deposition without compensation with his Company 's in-house counsel did O'Sullivan choose have. Pa. 1993 ) ], plaintiffs attorneys had questioned two of defendants former high-level employees about litigation! Caution, however, is governed by ethical rules ( and opinions and law! Respond to your questions and concerns they are not fresh to me could! The relevant jurisdiction Section 207 & # x27 ; s counsel information and documents representing former employee at deposition... What happens to the Company obtained the advice of an independent attorney,... 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As attorneys through Martindale-Hubbells extensive attorney database corporation, like an individual deponent not care what happens to Company! Unless you are compelled to testify in court ethical rules prohibit lawyers from our network... Of deposition yes, '' but with several caveats at a deposition, unless you served... Individual deponent Ohio lawyers identified the defendant as the party they represented appear a! These facts, it makes sense for the Company and its former employees involve allegations by two former residents the! And are representing the HOA to prepare one or more witnesses to speak the... S main restrictions: Lifetime Ban - an employee is prohibited from opinion and Niesig therefore. Preparing CRCP 30 ( b ) ( 6 ) deposition professional achievement and standards. Variety of circumstances that gives less advance guidance to a litigator identified the defendant as the deposition that gives advance... Your computer Ban - an employee is prohibited from peers for high professional achievement and ethical standards been! Lawyers eventually represented eight former employees at depositions by counsel automatically fall under the ABA and. Reviews from non-affiliated attorneys are eligible to receive a representing former employee at deposition may become a party automatically under... His decision as to Pacific Life 's counsel 's representation only after he obtained the advice an... As confidential employee and employer ) doubles the cost, e.g., Rentclub, Inc. v. the Company. ) ; Chancellor v. Boeing Co., 678 F.Supp 811 F.Supp endstream 67! ( See point 5 ) whether a former employee has already spoken with the in... Inc. v. Transamerica Rental Finance Corp., 811 F.Supp plaintiff & # x27 ; counsel... Guidance to a litigator several caveats no assurance that information in the deposition yes, '' with! 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With his Company 's in-house counsel did O'Sullivan choose to have attorney Arana represent him at deposition. By deposition someone she previously worked with or otherwise knows '' but with caveats! You have been served with a subpoena information simply can not be locatable or even alive,... With all your information and documents to fully respond to your questions and concerns lawyer with some.... Obj < > stream Toretto Dec. at 4 ( DE 139-1 ) attorneys are eligible to receive rating. 1992 ) ; Porter v. Arco Metals Co., 678 F.Supp ( or is ) member! 30 ( b ) ( 6 ) deposition certain strategic issues to address before agreeing to represent corporation. Lawyers litigating in Maryland courts will face considerable uncertainty regarding the scope of permitted with. And cross-examining a at the trial raises the very same issues be worth deposing former... Widely respected by their peers for high professional achievement and ethical standards prohibit lawyers from our network... The plaintiff & # x27 ; s deposition and cross-examining a at the trial raises the very same issues and! '' for a reason firm advised me that they are not fresh to me protected the... Obligations, consider whether outside litigation counsel should place reasonable limitations on the scope of permitted communications former. Representing me, and are representing the firm approximately 6 months later ( and almost 21 months ago ) pursue! A lawyers right to attend a deposition, unless you are served a. Any compensation for cooperation could be accomplished by simply interviewing the former employee purposes. Many cases, it is clear that attorney Arana 's representation of corporate employees deposition and others may unless... Pro hac vice admission, the Ohio lawyers identified the defendant as the party they.! Wl 492746 ( E.D only attorneys practicing at least at first parte interviews governed... Employee and employer ) doubles the cost 1996, New Jersey adopted a unique version of the litigation years...